RMO MS P17 - Special Fracture Disloc in Children Elbow Arm

When immobilizing the metacarpophalangeal joints with a splint, positioning the fingers in slight flexion helps to prevent:

• Joint ankylosis

• Finger extension

• Muscle contracture

• Both A and C

• Persistent pain

A child presents with an elbow injury after falling. The most frequent mechanism causing a supracondylar fracture of the humerus is:

• Rotational injury during running

• Fall onto an internally rotated arm

• Fall on an extended arm with the hand outstretched

• Direct trauma to the medial elbow

• Sudden arm pull by an adult

In the common extension-type supracondylar humerus fracture, which neurovascular structures are most often compromised?

• Brachial artery and median nerve

• Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve

• Radial nerve and cephalic vein

• Musculocutaneous nerve and radial artery

• Axillary artery and posterior cord

Which of the following is a classic term for a permanent flexion contracture due to undiagnosed compartment syndrome in the forearm?

• Erb's palsy

• Volkmann ischemic contracture

• Sudeck dystrophy

• Radial nerve palsy

• Claw hand

The preferred technique for closed reduction of a displaced posterior supracondylar fracture involves:

• Applying traction and gradual elbow flexion

• Hyperextending the elbow before traction

• Posterior pressure and elbow extension

• Immediate splinting without reduction

• Forced pronation during full extension

The Salter-Harris system is primarily used to classify:

• Vertebral body compression fractures

• Growth plate injuries in children

• Ligament tears of the knee

• Dislocations of pediatric joints

• Fractures of the skull base

A Salter-Harris Type I fracture is defined as a fracture:

• Across the metaphysis only

• Isolated to the growth plate (physis)

• Involving both the epiphysis and physis

• Spanning the metaphysis and physis

• Resulting in compression of the physis

Which Salter-Harris fracture type is most likely to result in permanent growth arrest?

• Type I

• Type II

• Type III

• Type IV

• Type V

What is the expected outcome for a child with a Salter-Harris Type II fracture?

• High risk of physeal arrest and poor outcome

• Moderate prognosis requiring routine surgical fixation

• Favorable prognosis with minimal growth complications

• Frequent development of angular deformities

• Likely need for future physeal bar resection

Which anatomical structure is at risk of nonunion if a lateral condyle fracture is not properly managed?

• Ulnar nerve

• Common flexor origin

• Radial head

• Lateral humeral growth plate

• Capitellum