Skin Anatomy & Physiology Essentials

Epidermis

• Outermost skin layer

• Inner skin layer

• Muscle layer beneath the skin

• Layer of fat cells

Sebaceous glands

• Oil-producing glands

• Sweat glands

• Hair follicles

• Sebum-producing cells

Keratinocytes

• Produce collagen, found in dermis

• Produce keratin, found in epidermis

• Produce melanin, found in hair follicles

• Produce elastin, found in subcutaneous tissue

Hypodermis

• Subcutaneous layer, fat storage

• Outer layer of skin

• Muscle layer beneath the skin

• Layer of connective tissue

Sweat glands

• Regulate body temperature

• Produce hormones

• Filter blood

• Store fat

Basal layer

• Deepest layer of epidermis, cell generation

• Outer layer of skin, protective barrier

• Layer responsible for skin pigmentation

• Layer that contains blood vessels

Elastin

• Protein, provides skin elasticity

• Carbohydrate, provides energy

• Vitamin, supports immune function

• Mineral, strengthens bones

Melanocytes

• Produce melanin, skin pigment

• Regulate body temperature

• Absorb UV radiation

• Provide structural support to skin

Collagen

• Protein, provides skin strength

• Carbohydrate, provides energy

• Vitamin, supports immune function

• Mineral, strengthens bones

Stratum lucidum

• Thin, clear layer of skin found in palms and soles

• Thick, opaque layer of skin found on the back

• Layer of skin responsible for producing melanin

• Layer of skin that contains hair follicles