________ is the term used to describe the controlled heating and cooling of materials for the purpose of altering their structures and properties.

• Heat transfer

• Heat treatment

• Cryogenics

• Thermodynamics

________ is a nonmetallic material.

• Iron

• Copper

• Wood

• Aluminum

In the equation e = ΔL/L, where ΔL is change in elongation, what is "e"?

• Stress

• Elongation factor

• Strain

• Strength

Force applied (F) to the part divided by cross-sectional area (A) resisting the force is defined as ________.

• Stress

• Elongation Factor

• Strain

• Strength

A is used to restore ductility after strain hardening of a low-carbon steel.

• normalization process

• full anneal
• stress-relief anneal

• process anneal

Non-ferrous metals are usually heat-treated to .

• produce a uniform, homogeneous structure

• provide stress relief

• bring about recrystallization

• All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a major way to increase the strength of metals?

• Solid-solution strengthening

• Strain hardening

• Vulcanizing covalent bonds

• Phase transformations

________ produces an increase in strength by means of plastic deformation under cold-working temperatures.

• Solid-solution strengthening

• Strain hardening

• Precipitation hardening

• Phase transformation strengthening

are selected to extract heat, providing the cooling rates needed to produce the desired structure and properties in the size and shape part being treated.

• Quenchants
• Additives

• Pearlites

• Austenites

Which of the following is not a common material used for quenching parts?

• Water

• Oil

• Polymer

• None of the above