Viking Ireland

Which of the following terms specifically refers to domesticated animals raised primarily for agricultural purposes, such as food, milk, or wool?

• Wildlife

• Pets

• Livestock

• Endangered species

Answer explanation

Livestock refers to domesticated animals that are raised on farms or ranches for agricultural purposes, such as for producing meat, milk, eggs, wool, leather, or for labor.

Who killed the "King of Foreigners" in Ireland?

Answer explanation

Mael Sechnaill killed Thorgest (also spelled Turgesius), a Viking leader, by capturing him through a trick and then drowning him in a lake—likely Lough Owel in Ireland—around the year 845.

Which of the following are not the correct order of power from highest to the lowest?

• King → Over-King → High King

• Over-King → High King → King

• High King → Over-King → King

• King → High King → Over-King

Answer explanation

• High King – Supreme ruler over all kings and over-kings.

• Over-King – Regional ruler over several local kings.

• King – Local ruler of a small area or tribe.

Each level holds more power than the one below.

Choose the sentence written in the active voice.

• Dublin was captured by the Vikings.

• The Vikings established markets in Waterford.

• Cork was ruled by Viking leaders

• Belfast was invaded by Norse warriors

Answer explanation

The sentence "The Vikings established markets in Waterford." is in the correct active voice because:

• Subject: "The Vikings" (the doer of the action)

• Verb: "established" (the action)

• Object: "markets" (the receiver of the action)

• Additional information: "in Waterford" (gives more detail about the action)

In active voice, the subject performs the action directly on the object, and this sentence follows that structure perfectly.

The king of foreigners.

Answer explanation

Thorgest is referred to as the "king of the foreigners" because he was a Viking leader ruling over Norse settlers and raiders in Ireland during the 9th century.

At that time, Irish sources often called Vikings "foreigners" (Gaill in Irish), so as their leader, Thorgest was known as their king.

Reformulate the sentence in the past tense:

Which Irish cities will be dominated by the Vikings?

Answer explanation

• "will" (future auxiliary verb) changes to "were" (past form of the verb "to be").

• The rest of the sentence stays the same because "dominated" is already in the past participle form and is consistent with the past tense structure.

Resulting question:

• Which cities were dominated by the Vikings?

Which of the following is written in the past tense?

• Bread

• Hundred

• Wicked

• Settled

Answer explanation

The -ed ending is a common way to form the simple past tense for regular verbs in English.

For example:

• settle → settled

• play → played

• walk → walked

The -ed ending indicates that the action happened in the past and is completed. It's used for regular verbs like settle.

Translate in English :

"Tandis que les Suédois attaquaient l’Écosse et le Pays de Galles, les attaques danoises transformaient l’Angleterre en un cimetière quasi permanent."

Which of the following are regular verbs in their past form?

• Attacked

• Centralized

• Built

• Traded

Answer explanation

Regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding -ed to the base form of the verb. This is the standard rule for most verbs in English. Here's a breakdown:

How to form the past tense for regular verbs:

1. Start with the base verb (e.g., play, walk, talk).

2. Add -ed to the end of the base verb (e.g., played, walked, talked).

Examples:

• Base form: play → Past tense: played

• Base form: cook → Past tense: cooked

• Base form: work → Past tense: worked

Exceptions in spelling:

• If a verb ends in -e, you just add -d (e.g., dance → danced).

• If the verb ends in a consonant + y, you change y to i and add -ed (e.g., cry → cried).

Write down vocabulary words related to the Viking history.

Answer explanation

• Viking – Refers to Scandinavian seafarers, traders, and warriors during the Viking Age (c. 793–1066).

• Longship – The iconic Viking ship used for exploration, raiding, and trading.

• Raid – A sudden attack by Vikings on coastal towns, often for plunder.

• Jarl – A Viking noble or chieftain who ruled over regions.

• Sagas – Epic Norse stories that narrate the history, exploits, and mythology of Vikings.