1. Blockchain

A fintech startup wants to store transaction data transparently and immutably. What key blockchain feature is most relevant?

• Low latency

• Scalability

• Immutability

• Centralized control

An NGO uses blockchain to verify the authenticity of donations. Which characteristic ensures that donations can't be tampered with?

• Smart contracts

• Cryptographic hash

• Forking

• Sidechains

Two miners must decide whether to follow protocol or attack the network. This situation reflects which game theory concept?

• Pareto Optimality

• Nash Equilibrium

• Prisoner's Dilemma

• Zero-sum Game

In Proof-of-Stake, validators may act honestly or maliciously. Which mechanism discourages dishonest behavior?

• Stake slashing

• Forking penalties

• Hash rate limitation

• Public key rotation

A blockchain uses asymmetric encryption to secure transactions. What cryptographic technique is being applied?

• Hashing

• Symmetric key exchange

• Public-private key pair

• One-time pad

A message must be verified for origin and integrity. What should be used?

• Merkle Tree

• Digital Signature

• Smart Contract

• Proof of Elapsed Time

A legacy system with a central point of failure is being replaced. Why might blockchain be preferred?

• Lower costs

• Decentralization

• Manual updates

• Higher energy consumption

A logistics company wants real-time tracking with no single controller. What advantage does blockchain offer?

• Confidentiality

• Immutability

• Central governance

• Distributed trust

A system must protect against insider threats within a central server. Blockchain helps by:

• Eliminating access control

• Distributing data storage

• Removing all validators

• Obfuscating data

A company maintains mutable records in a centralized database. Which key feature distinguishes a blockchain ledger?

• High query speed

• Data mutability

• Append-only structure

• Normalization of data