Quizs: Period 1 (1491-1607)

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

• A failed attempt by the Pueblo people to negotiate with Spanish colonizers.

• A successful uprising of the Pueblo people in present-day New Mexico against Spanish colonizers due to religious suppression and forced labor.

• A peaceful protest by the Pueblo people against Spanish taxation.

• An alliance formed by the Pueblo people with other Native American tribes to fight against European settlers.

Three Sisters

• A traditional dance performed by Indigenous groups.

• A sustainable agricultural method used by Indigenous groups that involved growing corn, beans, and squash together to support soil health and food diversity.

• A type of pottery made by Indigenous artisans.

• A festival celebrating Indigenous culture and heritage.

Mission System

• A network of military bases established by Spanish forces to protect their territories.

• A network of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics to convert Indigenous populations and integrate them into Spanish colonial society.

• A system of trade routes used by Spanish merchants to exchange goods with Indigenous peoples.

• A series of agricultural settlements created by Spanish settlers to cultivate crops and raise livestock.

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

• An agreement between Spain and Portugal, mediated by the Pope, dividing newly discovered lands in the Americas along a meridian for colonization purposes.

• A treaty that ended the Spanish-American War in 1898.

• An alliance formed between Spain and France to combat British colonial expansion.

• A document that established the boundaries of the Roman Empire in the 4th century.

Animism

• A belief that all natural objects have a spirit or soul.

• A philosophy that emphasizes reason and logic over faith.

• A religious system that worships a single deity.

• A practice of ancestor worship common in Asian cultures.

Columbian Exchange

• The exchange of goods and services between the Americas and Europe.

• The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, people, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa following Columbus’s voyages.

• The trade of spices and silk along the Silk Road.

• The migration of people from Europe to Asia during the Age of Exploration.

Encomienda System

• A system where Indigenous populations were granted land in exchange for labor.

• A Spanish labor system where conquistadors were granted control over Indigenous populations for forced labor.

• A trade agreement between Spain and Indigenous tribes for mutual benefit.

• A religious conversion program aimed at Indigenous peoples in the Americas.

Indentured Servitude

• A labor system where individuals worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World, often used before African slavery became dominant.

• A system where individuals were forced to work without any compensation or rights.

• A voluntary agreement where workers paid for their own passage and received wages.

• A form of slavery where individuals were owned by their masters for life.

Conquistadores

• Spanish explorers and soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas and were instrumental in the conquest of Native empires like the Aztecs and Incas.

• Italian merchants who traded with Native Americans.

• French explorers who mapped the Mississippi River.

• British settlers who established colonies in North America.

Mestizo

• A person of mixed European (usually Spanish) and Indigenous American descent; this became a prominent social class in Spanish colonial society.

• A term used to describe individuals of pure Indigenous descent.

• A social class consisting solely of European immigrants to the Americas.

• A cultural movement that emerged in Latin America during the 20th century.