The First Great Awakening and Enlightenment

What is the First Great Awakening best described as?

• A revitalization of religious piety in the American colonies between the 1730s and 1770s.

• A political movement for independence in the American colonies.

• A scientific revolution in Europe during the 18th century.

• A trade agreement between England and the American colonies.

Which religious group led the earliest manifestations of the First Great Awakening in Pennsylvania and New Jersey?

• Presbyterians

• Quakers

• Catholics

• Lutherans

What was the main focus of the new Age of Faith during the First Great Awakening?

• Trusting the heart over the head and relying on biblical revelation rather than human reason.

• Promoting scientific reasoning and Enlightenment ideals.

• Encouraging economic development and trade.

• Supporting political independence from England.

Which university originated from the seminary established by the Tennents during the First Great Awakening?

• Princeton University

• Harvard University

• Yale University

• Columbia University

How did preachers like Jonathan Edwards make their sermons more powerful during the First Great Awakening?

• By delivering emotionally charged, extemporaneous sermons with vivid imagery.

• By reading from prepared texts in a monotone voice.

• By focusing on political issues rather than religious ones.

• By using humor and light-hearted stories.

What percentage of all southern churchgoers were evangelical converts by the eve of the American Revolution?

• About ten percent

• About fifty percent

• About seventy-five percent

• About ninety percent

Who was the English preacher whose travels in America gave further impetus to the First Great Awakening?

• George Whitefield

• John Wesley

• William Tennent

• Jonathan Edwards

What was the main message preached by Whitefield and other Calvinists during the Great Awakening?

• That sinful men and women were totally dependent for salvation on the mercy of a pure, all-powerful God.

• That everyone could achieve salvation through good works alone.

• That only the clergy could interpret religious texts.

• That religious gatherings should be limited to the elite.

Which denominations gained new members as a result of the Great Awakening?

• Anglicans and Quakers

• Baptists and Methodists

• Congregationalists and Presbyterians

• Catholics and Lutherans

What was a major criticism evangelical preachers and converts had against their opponents during the Great Awakening?

• They were too emotional in their sermons.

• They were cold, uninspiring, and lacking in piety and grace.

• They traveled too much between communities.

• They focused too much on science and reason.