10 CT Analysing Data Wk1 PostQuiz

Which of the following best distinguishes data from information?

• Data are organised facts; information is raw and unprocessed

• Data are meaningless symbols; information is data that have been processed and given context

• Data are always numeric; information is always textual

• Data and information are interchangeable terms

A spreadsheet holds “23°C, 25°C, 24°C” in one column and the caption “Daily Average Temperature (Sydney, July 1–3 2025)” above it. The caption turns the values into:

• Data

• Metadata

• Information

• Noise

The primary reason organisations analyse data is to:

• Reduce the file size of stored records

• Comply with privacy legislation

• Transform raw observations into actionable insights for decision-making

• Increase the number of spreadsheets in use

During exploratory data analysis, visualising outliers and trends first helps an analyst to:

• Encrypt sensitive records

• Determine which advanced algorithms to apply later

• Reduce data redundancy

• Optimise dashboard colour schemes

In a student-records system, which data type is most suitable for a phone number field?

• Integer

• Floating-point

• String (text)

• Boolean

Selecting the Double floating-point type to store high-precision currency values is risky primarily because of:

• Integer overflow

• Loss of precision

• Memory inefficiency

• Slow computation speed

Which technique best minimizes redundancy and improves consistency when structuring relational tables?

• Denormalisation

• Normalisation to Third Normal Form (3NF)

• Flat-file storage

• Using a CSV file per entity

A data engineer needs to log millions of time-stamped sensor readings efficiently. The most appropriate structure is:

• A text file with one reading per line

• JSON objects stored in separate files

• A column-oriented database table with indexed timestamp and sensor ID columns

• An image file containing plotted graphs

Which Excel/Sheets function is an aggregate function?

• LEFT()

• SUM()

• IF()

• CONCAT()

The formula =IF(AND(A2>100, B2="Approved"), "Ship", "Hold") is an example of a:

• Simple arithmetic expression

• Lookup function

• Complex nested conditional formula

• Circular reference