Locke and Government Worksheet

What makes a government legitimate according to Locke?

• Consent of the governed.

• Divine right of kings.

• Military power.

• Wealth of the rulers.

Describe Locke's "State of Nature."

• People are free and equal, bound by natural law, but lack laws, judges, and enforcement.

• People are naturally aggressive and require a strong ruler to maintain order.

• Society is governed by a divine monarch with absolute power.

• Individuals are born into a rigid social hierarchy with no natural rights.

When is revolution justified, according to Locke?

• When the government becomes arbitrary or violates trust—not for light or transient causes.

• Whenever citizens are dissatisfied with any law.

• When taxes are increased without consent.

• Whenever there is a change in leadership.

When and where did Karl Marx live?

• 1818-1883, primarily in Germany and later in London.

• 1770-1830, primarily in France and Italy.

• 1900-1950, primarily in Russia and China.

• 1600-1650, primarily in England and Spain.

What is historical materialism?

What are Marx's six stages of history?

• Primitive Communism, Slavery, Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism.

• Hunter-Gatherer, Tribalism, Monarchy, Democracy, Socialism, Capitalism.

• Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance, Industrial, Modern, Postmodern.

• Slavery, Feudalism, Mercantilism, Capitalism, Imperialism, Socialism.

Who are the bourgeoisie?

• The capitalist class who own the means of production.

• The working class who sell their labor.

• The ruling monarchs of a country.

• The intellectual elite of society.

Why is class conflict inevitable in capitalism?

• Because capitalists extract surplus value, paying workers less than they produce.

• Because all workers eventually become capitalists.

• Because capitalism eliminates all forms of inequality.

• Because the government enforces equal pay for all jobs.

What does "Workers of the world, unite" mean?

What are common criticisms of Marx?

• Overemphasis on class, utopianism, failures of Marxist regimes, and capitalism's adaptability.

• Support for free market economics, individualism, and minimal government intervention.

• Advocacy for monarchy, religious authority, and traditional hierarchies.

• Promotion of laissez-faire policies, deregulation, and private property rights.