Exploring Biochemistry Concepts

What is the basic unit of life in biochemistry?

• Molecule

• Cell

• Atom

• Organism

Define the term enzyme and its function.

• An enzyme is a type of protein that stores energy.

• An enzyme is a chemical that slows down reactions.

• An enzyme is a biological catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions.

• An enzyme is a substance that changes color during a reaction.

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

• Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Fiber

• Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Carbohydrates

• Fats, Sugars, Salts, Proteins

• Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

Explain the role of ATP in cellular processes.

• ATP is only used in muscle contraction.

• ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.

• ATP is a type of protein that builds cellular structures.

• ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, powering various cellular processes.

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

• A nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

• A nucleotide includes a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a metal ion.

• A nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group, a three-carbon sugar, and a ribonucleic acid.

• A nucleotide consists of a protein, a six-carbon sugar, and a fatty acid.

Describe the process of protein synthesis.

• Protein synthesis occurs only in the mitochondria.

• Proteins are synthesized directly from glucose.

• DNA is replicated during protein synthesis.

• Protein synthesis is the process of creating proteins from amino acids through transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to a polypeptide chain.

What is the significance of pH in biochemical reactions?

• pH is irrelevant to the stability of biomolecules.

• pH is crucial for maintaining enzyme activity and stability of biomolecules in biochemical reactions.

• pH has no effect on enzyme activity.

• pH only influences the temperature of reactions.

How do enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions?

• Enzymes only work at high temperatures to lower activation energy.

• Enzymes lower the activation energy by stabilizing the transition state and providing an alternative reaction pathway.

• Enzymes increase the activation energy by destabilizing the transition state.

• Enzymes have no effect on the activation energy of reactions.

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

• DNA and RNA differ in structure (double vs. single strand), sugar type (deoxyribose vs. ribose), and base composition (thymine in DNA vs. uracil in RNA).

• DNA contains uracil instead of thymine

• RNA is a double-stranded molecule

• DNA and RNA have the same sugar type

Explain the concept of metabolic pathways.

• Metabolic pathways are unrelated to cellular functions.

• Metabolic pathways are random processes that do not involve enzymes.

• Metabolic pathways are sequences of enzymatic reactions that convert substrates into products, facilitating cellular metabolism.

• Metabolic pathways are only found in plants.