genetics and punnett squares

What does phenotype mean?

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The physical appearance or observable traits of an organism.

• The evolutionary history of an organism.

• The habitat in which an organism lives.

What is the law of independent assortment?

• The principle that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

• The concept that all alleles are inherited together as a unit.

• The rule that only dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype.

• The idea that traits are inherited in a fixed ratio from parents.

What is the law of segregation?

• The principle that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

• The concept that traits are inherited independently of one another.

• The idea that dominant alleles always mask recessive alleles.

• The rule that only one allele from each parent is passed to the offspring.

What is the purpose of a test cross?

• To determine the genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive organism.

• To identify the phenotype of an organism by crossing it with a homozygous dominant organism.

• To assess the environmental impact on an organism's phenotype.

• To evaluate the genetic diversity within a population.

What is a dominant trait?

• A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

• A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

• A trait that is always expressed regardless of the alleles present.

• A trait that can be masked by a dominant allele.

What is a dihybrid cross?

• A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of two different traits.

• A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of a single trait.

• A genetic cross that involves three different traits.

• A genetic cross that is used to study mutations.

What is the expected genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?

• 1:2:1 ratio of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes.

• 3:1 ratio of homozygous dominant to homozygous recessive genotypes.

• 1:1 ratio of homozygous dominant to heterozygous genotypes.

• 2:1 ratio of homozygous dominant to heterozygous genotypes.

What is a Punnett Square?

• A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

• A tool for measuring the height of plants in a garden.

• A method for calculating the age of fossils based on their layers.

• A chart used to track the migration patterns of animals.

What does it mean if an organism is purebred?

• It means the organism is homozygous for a specific trait, having identical alleles.

• It means the organism has a mix of different alleles for a trait.

• It means the organism is heterozygous for a specific trait, having different alleles.

• It means the organism has no alleles for that trait.

What is an allele?

• A type of chromosome that determines physical traits.

• A variant form of a gene that can produce different traits.

• A process by which traits are inherited from parents.

• A structure within a cell that contains DNA.