final exam review

Which feature distinguishes human language from most forms of animal communication?

• It is learned rather than innate.

• It uses only vocal signals.

• It is symbolic and rule-based.

• It is used only for mating calls.

Which neuroscientific method would be best for detecting rapid changes in attention over milliseconds?

• fMRI

• EEG

• TMS

• dMRI

What does the case of Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) illustrate about language evolution?

• Language must be taught by adults.

• Language can spontaneously emerge in a social group.

• Sign languages are less complex than spoken languages.

• Language only evolves in literate societies.

Which of the following are true about synaptic plasticity? Select all that apply then submit your answer.

• It helps the brain learn from experience.

• It involves structural changes in neurons.

• It is unrelated to memory.

• It includes both strengthening and weakening of connections.

Which of the following best describes Marr’s computational level of analysis? Select all that apply then submit your answer.

• The rules and steps used to solve a problem

• The goal or purpose behind a cognitive task

• The specific brain regions involved in performing a task

• Understanding why a system performs a certain function

Which of the following best illustrates how both human cognition and artificial intelligence use symbols and rules to generate meaning?

• Learning grammar by recognizing and applying structured patterns.

• Memorizing all possible sentences to recall them later.

• Responding reflexively to input without interpreting it.

• Repeating frequently seen phrases regardless of context.

The Hermann Grid illusion demonstrates:

• That we hallucinate in the absence of input

• How selective attention influences face perception

• The effects of top-down processing

• The role of receptive fields and lateral inhibition

Which of the following are considered components of the Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis? Select all that apply then submit your answer.

• Storytelling

• Art and Writing

• Joint Attention

• Personal IQ

What does the case of H.M. reveal about memory systems in the brain? Select all that apply then submit your answer.

• The hippocampus is required for forming new declarative memories.

• Working memory is processed separately from long-term memory.

• Procedural and explicit memory rely on different brain regions.

• Using procedural memory requires conscious recall.

Which of the following highlights a similarity between how the brain and reinforcement learning algorithms adapt to the environment?

• Both systems memorize exact outcomes of every action.

• The brain makes predictions, but AI systems can’t.

• Both learn by adjusting based on rewards and outcomes.

• AI learns from mistakes, but the brain doesn’t generalize.