Which of the following best explains the process of electricity generation in a hydrogen fuel cell?

At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons flow in a circuit to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with the hydrogen to produce water. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction.

At the cathode, water reacts with oxygen to release hydrogen and heat. Electricity is generated as the bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen. The by-product of the reaction is heat.

At the cathode, hydrogen is reduced and then electrons flow to the anode to generate electricity. Oxygen is produced at the cathode. Oxygen and heat are the by-products of the reaction.

At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons pass through an electrolyte to the cathode. There, the protons react with water to produce oxygen. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the pumping of highly pressurized water with a mixture of sand and chemicals into boreholes to

create cracks within the rock in order to provide pathways for the release of gas and oil

pulverize the rock in order to let gas and oil rise through the soil horizons

reopen old mine shafts, from which gas and oil can be collected

create seismic movement and artificial earthquakes in order to liberate gas and oil

supersaturate the rock with the fracking fluid, which scrubs gas and oil from the rock by abrasion

Some automobiles in the United States are fueled by natural gas. What is the primary environmental advantage of natural gas relative to gasoline as a transportation fuel?

Natural gas combustion emits fewer pollutants.

The United States has 60% of the world’s proven natural gas reserves.

Natural gas is a renewable resource that is usually produced from corn and other agricultural products.

When natural gas is burned in an automobile engine, the only emission product is water vapor.

There is an extensive retail distribution network for natural gas so that natural gas is available at most gas stations.

Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source?

The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.

Nuclear energy has low carbon emissions and does not contribute to global warming.

Nuclear energy is generated by the process of nuclear fission.

Nuclear power plants convert water to steam, similar to fossil fuel–burning power plants.

17. Which of the following would be the best location for a wind farm with ten industrial turbines?

A remote coastal region with strong, consistent winds

A heavily forested national park

A valley surrounded by tall mountains

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonrenewable energy sources that distinguishes them from renewable energy sources?

Nonrenewable energy sources typically take a longer time to replenish than renewable energy sources do.

The construction of power plants that use nonrenewable energy sources is typically more expensive than the construction of those that use renewable energy sources.

Nonrenewable energy sources are typically less harmful to wildlife and ecosystems than renewable energy sources are.

Nonrenewable energy sources typically require additional new technology in order to be used than renewable energy sources do.

Which of the following statements correctly explains the role of fossil fuels in the production of energy?

The combustion of fossil fuels heats water to produce steam, which then turns a turbine.

The steam released from the combustion of fossil fuels turns a generator, which then powers a turbine.

The heat released from burning fossil fuels rises and turns a turbine, which then releases carbon dioxide.

Steam produced from a turbine ignites the fossil fuels, which then powers the generator.

There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

bituminous, peat, lignite, anthracite

peat, lignite, anthracite, bituminous

lignite, bituminous, anthracite, peat

anthracite, bituminous, peat, lignite

Which of the following is a way for the government to encourage efficient energy use?

Requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars

Implementing government subsidies to keep gasoline prices low

Raising the speed limit from 55 to 70 miles per hour

Limiting the development of public transportation systems

Removing all taxes from gasoline at the fuel pump

Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity?

Production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide

25. Which of the following is considered an advantage of using nuclear power to generate electricity?

It produces large amounts of energy with low greenhouse gas emissions

It is the cheapest source of energy

Purity is a major factor in determining the type of coal used for energy. Which of the following types of coal are correctly paired with a description of its purity and common use?

Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating.

Coking coal is most widely available and contains 60-86% carbon, which makes it ideal for use in coal power plants.

Steam coal has a high carbon content with low amounts of impurities, which makes it ideal for use in the steel industry.

Lignite is the most mature and purest form of coal, and it is often used for large-scale power generation.

Which of the following is the best example of cogeneration?

A coal-fired power plant captures waste heat and uses it to heat adjacent buildings.

A power plant uses both coal and natural gas as fuel.

A trash-to-steam power plant accepts both residential and commercial waste.

Several power plants supply the same city with electrical energy.

Emissions from power plants are captured and stripped of sulfur for commercial sale.

Which of the following statements about geothermal energy is accurate?

The location of geothermal energy sources ranges from short distances below ground to miles below the surface.

While geothermal energy can heat buildings directly, it is not used to generate electricity.

Steam from underground sources must be condensed before it can be used aboveground.

In some parts of the world, geothermal sources are used to power steam locomotives.

Geothermal energy plants are a viable alternative energy source because they

use the heat from Earth’s interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground

can be built for use in any location where surface drilling is possible and construction of geothermal plants increases land stability

use the heat from Earth’s interior to directly heat buildings and houses and give off no greenhouse gasses

do not give off hazardous air pollutants into the atmosphere and require very little water

Which of the following accurately describes a fuel cell vehicle?

Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen to generate electricity that runs the motor.

Fuel cell vehicles run on both an internal combustion engine and a backup battery.

Fuel cell vehicles are able to convert waste oil from the food industry into ethanol, which is burned as a source of power.

Fuel cell vehicles generate energy by creating a flow of electrons in a semiconducting material such as silicon.

Fuel cell vehicles use methane to heat water, which creates steam that turns a turbine to generate electricity.

34. Which of the following actions would reduce global greenhouse emissions?

Promoting renewable energy sources

Increasing the use of fossil fuels

Which of the following is a true statement about passive solar heating?

It is based in part on the principle of the greenhouse effect.

It is effective only during the summer months.

It is not used to heat commercial buildings.

It is not efficient because it cannot produce high-quality energy.

It produces more pollution than heating with an electric heat pump.

Which of the following is a true statement concerning the production of electricity in conventional nuclear power plants using fission reactors?

Thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy and then to electrical energy, as in coal-burning power plants.

New nuclear power plants will be built without containment structures, due to the increased insulation in the reactor core.

Regularly scheduled releases of radioactive gases during production are well below the maximum contamination levels set by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).

Nuclear production of electricity is much less expensive per kilowatt-hour than production of electricity at a coal-burning or natural-gas-fueled power plant.

Storage of nuclear waste is no longer an issue, because power plants are now storing all wastes on-site in specialized containment units.

Buildings designed to partially heat rooms by passive solar heating rely on

materials that absorb and store solar energy to warm the room

solar cells to generate electricity to power a heater in the room

solar collectors to warm water that is pumped into the room

warm water pumped from underground to warm the room

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using nuclear energy as a source of electricity?

Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly.

Energy production is not consistent from day to day.

Cooling towers release contaminants into the atmosphere.

Volatile organic compounds are released into groundwater.

Which of the following negative consequences is most often associated with using biomass for energy production?

Using biomass for energy production can result in local deforestation.

Using biomass for energy production requires long-term storage for radioactive waste.

Using biomass for energy production can increase salinization in agricultural fields.

Using biomass for energy production releases carbon sequestered in fossil fuels into the atmosphere.

Which of the following is the most valid inference regarding electricity production, based on the graph above?

Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of the increasing use of natural gas and renewable energy.

Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of shortages in coal supplies.

The use of nuclear energy increased from 1970 to 2010 because of the low cost of constructing nuclear power plants.

The use of nuclear energy increased from 1970 to 2010 because of shortages in coal supplies.

Renewable energy has not increased as much as nuclear energy has since 1970 because of federal laws restricting construction of wind farms.

Refer to the graph 'WIND-GENERATED ELECTRICITY IN THE UNITED STATES.' Which of the following most likely had a direct influence on the trend shown in the graph for the electricity generation from wind?

Increased subsidies for renewable energy

Improved efficiency in hydraulic fracturing

A decrease in available coal for electrical generation

A decrease in the efficiency of photovoltaic cells

Which of the following best describes the process of electricity generation at a nuclear power plant?

Nuclear power is generated through fission, which releases a large amount of heat. The heat is used to generate steam, which turns a turbine that powers a generator.

Nuclear power is generated when photons are converted to a direct current using a semiconducting material such as silicon. An inverter is used to convert the direct-current electricity into an alternating current.

Nuclear power is generated from the thermal energy of Earth, which is a result of radioactive decay. The water underground is turned to steam, which turns a turbine to produce electricity.

Nuclear power is generated from the combustion of mined uranium, which provides enough heat to power a generator. The generator turns a turbine to create electricity.

A developer intends to use passive solar heating in a new construction project in Minnesota in an effort to reduce electricity costs for the property owners. Which of the following should be employed to maximize the benefit of passive solar heating?

Install south-facing glazed windows in the home and dark surfaces to cover the walls and floors.

Concentrate solar energy on the roof using mirrors to heat water that is then used to generate electricity.

Plant fast-growing trees near the windows of the property to increase shading in the fall and winter.

Use photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electricity during peak sunlight to charge a battery that can be used for heating at night.

Which of the following is the most practical solution to maximizing energy production at wind farms while minimizing the risk to wildlife?

Turn off turbines during periods of maximum migration.

Turn on turbines only at night when most birds and bats are not flying.

Turn on turbines only when winds are below 5 mph.

Limit the height of turbines to 10 meters and the width of the blades to 5 meters.

Unit 6 Test - Fall 2024 50 Qsts

Authored by Samantha WakeForestHS

Science

11th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 2+ times

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50 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A major limitation of using photovoltaic cells to generate electricity is that they

do not produce as much CO₂ as other energy sources do

do not produce as much electricity on cloudy days

have no moving parts

present a danger to birds and bats

cannot be connected to the electrical grid

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?

Cogeneration

Electrolysis

Gas hydration

Gasification

Reclamation

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-ESS3-2

NGSS.HS-PS3-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy

Photovoltaics

Geothermal

Biomass

Hydroelectric

Hydrogen fuel

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approximately doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase?

Increased industrialization and economic growth worldwide

A significant decrease in the number of automobiles

A global shift to renewable energy sources

A major reduction in air travel

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Throughout the world, especially the less-developed countries, burning wood or other biomass for heating or cooking in homes is common. One negative environmental impact of this practice is the production of particulates indoors, which can be a health hazard to humans.

Installing effective ventilation systems in dwellings

Updating dwellings with well-sealed windows

Planting native plants around the dwelling

Equipping dwellings with rainwater collection systems

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-ESS3-4

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which peat is formed?

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, acidic conditions.

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, alkaline conditions.

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions.

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, alkaline conditions.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source?

Ethanol-blended gasoline has higher carbon emissions than petroleum alone.

The global demand for biofuels is continually decreasing.

There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production.

Ethanol-blended gasoline increases the likelihood of freezing gas lines in winter months.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

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Unit 6 Test - Fall 2024 50 Qsts

A major limitation of using photovoltaic cells to generate electricity is that they

An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?

Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy

Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approximately doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase?

Throughout the world, especially the less-developed countries, burning wood or other biomass for heating or cooking in homes is common. One negative environmental impact of this practice is the production of particulates indoors, which can be a health hazard to humans.

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which peat is formed?

Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source?

Which of the following best explains the process of electricity generation in a hydrogen fuel cell?

Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity?

Extraction of natural gas by the process of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is most likely to result in which of the following environmental problems?

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