2.3: Introduction to Memory

Iconic Memory

• A type of sensory memory that lasts very briefly before quickly fading. It is the visual sensory memory.

• A long-term memory that retains information for years.

• A type of auditory memory that lasts for a few seconds.

• A memory system that processes information through touch.

Memory

• The ability to recall past experiences and information.

• The process of forgetting information over time.

• The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.

• The skill of learning new languages quickly.

Implicit Memory

• A type of memory that requires conscious effort to recall information.

• A type of memory in which previous experiences aid in the performance of a task without conscious awareness.

• A type of memory that is only used for short-term storage of information.

• A type of memory that is exclusively related to visual stimuli.

Storage

• The process of retaining encoded information over time.

• The act of retrieving information from memory.

• The method of encoding information for better retention.

• The ability to forget irrelevant information.

Automatic Processing

• The conscious encoding of complex information.

• The unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information.

• The deliberate memorization of facts and figures.

• The ability to recall information after a long period.

Working Memory Model

• A model of human memory proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974, which suggests that working memory is a system with multiple components.

• A theory that states memory is a single, unified system without distinct parts.

• A concept that describes how information is permanently stored in long-term memory.

• A framework that focuses solely on the retrieval of information from memory.

Encoding

• The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.

• The act of retrieving information from memory.

• The method of organizing information for better understanding.

• The technique of forgetting unnecessary information.

Semantic Memory

• A type of long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers.

• A type of short-term memory for immediate recall of information.

• A type of memory that involves personal experiences and events.

• A type of memory that is primarily visual and spatial.

Echoic Memory

• A type of sensory memory that retains auditory information.

• A type of memory that retains visual information.

• A type of long-term memory for facts and events.

• A type of memory that processes tactile information.

Prospective Memory

• A form of memory that involves recalling past events.

• A type of memory used for learning new information.

• A form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action or intention at the appropriate time.

• A memory system that focuses on sensory information.