Historical Development of Africa

What is the term for a system of acquiring colonies to provide raw materials for a stronger colony?

• Nationalism

• Imperialism

• Socialism

• Patriotism

Answer explanation

The term 'Imperialism' refers to a policy of acquiring colonies to exploit their resources, providing raw materials for the stronger nation. This distinguishes it from concepts like nationalism, socialism, and patriotism.

In what way did the partitioning of Africa by European nations cause lasting civil and regional conflicts in modern Africa?

• European nations competed by encouraging conflicts between African nations.

• Partitions ignored existing ethnic and political boundaries between African nations.

• Europeans invested heavily in infrastructure in Africa, leading many nations to develop strong militaries.

• African independence movements spread throughout the continent, leading to the Pan-African movement.

Answer explanation

The partitioning of Africa by European nations disregarded existing ethnic and political boundaries, leading to conflicts as diverse groups were forced into new political entities, causing lasting civil and regional strife.

By the early twenty-first century, the majority of national borders in Africa were determined by

• traditional precolonial national borders.

• historic property rights of African tribes.

• natural features such as rivers and deserts.

• former colonial claims of European countries.

Answer explanation

By the early twenty-first century, most African borders were shaped by former colonial claims of European countries, which imposed arbitrary divisions that often disregarded existing ethnic and cultural boundaries.

What inspired anticolonial and independence movements in Kenya and Nigeria during the mid-1900s?

• capitalism

• communism

• Pan-Africanism

• Pan-Arabism

Answer explanation

Pan-Africanism inspired anticolonial and independence movements in Kenya and Nigeria by promoting unity among African nations and advocating for self-determination, which resonated with the desire to end colonial rule.

The initial growth of Pan-African sentiments was a reaction to

• the suppression of African culture and development through colonialism.

• the consolidation of power in the hands of a few autocratic African leaders.

• the economic hardships caused by the end of colonial African administrations.

• the economic power wielded by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Answer explanation

The initial growth of Pan-African sentiments was primarily a reaction to the suppression of African culture and development through colonialism, as it fostered a desire for unity and self-determination among African peoples.

What ideal, on which the African Union is based, does this excerpt illustrate?

• Pan-Africanism

• nativism

• isolationism

• globalization

Answer explanation

The excerpt illustrates Pan-Africanism, which emphasizes unity and solidarity among African nations and peoples. This ideal is foundational to the African Union's mission of promoting cooperation and development across the continent.

How were the nationalist movements in Nigeria and Kenya similar?

• Both movements were attempts to overthrow military dictators.

• Both movements led to long periods of peace and economic growth.

• Both movements were attempts to gain independence from Great Britain.

• Both movements led to rapid economic shifts from agriculture to industry.

Answer explanation

Both Nigeria and Kenya experienced nationalist movements aimed at gaining independence from British colonial rule, highlighting their shared struggle for self-determination.

Why did Nelson Mandela join the African National Congress (ANC)?

• because the ANC was the ruling party in South Africa at the time he joined

• because the ANC wanted to end prejudicial government policies based on race

• because the ANC provided funds for overseas education of prospective leaders

• because the ANC leadership was corrupt and not working toward its stated goals

Answer explanation

Nelson Mandela joined the ANC because it aimed to end racially prejudicial government policies, aligning with his vision for equality and justice in South Africa.

How did the South African government respond to Nelson Mandela’s work to end apartheid?

• The government adopted a series of democratic reforms.

• The government sought military support from the Soviet Union.

• The government imprisoned Mandela and banned his political party.

• The government began a civil war when it cracked down on his supporters.

Answer explanation

The South African government responded to Mandela's efforts by imprisoning him and banning the African National Congress, his political party, to suppress the anti-apartheid movement and maintain control.

Which TWO answer choices correctly describe Nelson Mandela?

• civil rights leader who protested against racial injustice in South Africa

• popular athlete who represented South Africa in the Olympics

• rich businessman who brought major industries to South Africa

• military general who helped South Africa gain its independence

• successful politician who served as the president of South Africa

Answer explanation

Nelson Mandela was a civil rights leader who fought against racial injustice in South Africa and became the country's first black president, making him a successful politician.