AP European History Units

“A royal, or legitimate, monarchy, is that in which the subjects obey the laws of the monarch, and the monarch obeys the laws of nature, granting his subjects their natural liberty and private property. A despotic monarchy is that in which the prince is lord of all goods and all persons by virtue of conquest . . . and governs his subjects as a father of a household rules his slaves. A tyrannical monarchy is that in which the monarch, contemptuous of the laws of nature, abuses a free people and treats them like slaves, appropriating their goods as his own.”

Jean Bodin, French political philosopher, Six Lives of the Republic, 1579

Bodin's discussion of monarchical power best reflects the early stages of which of the following?

• The growth of religious pluralism in Europe

• The social dislocations emerging from increasing commercialism

• The development of absolutist systems of government

• The shift from religious to secular regulations of public morals

“A royal, or legitimate, monarchy, is that in which the subjects obey the laws of the monarch, and the monarch obeys the laws of nature, granting his subjects their natural liberty and private property. A despotic monarchy is that in which the prince is lord of all goods and all persons by virtue of conquest . . . and governs his subjects as a father of a household rules his slaves. A tyrannical monarchy is that in which the monarch, contemptuous of the laws of nature, abuses a free people and treats them like slaves, appropriating their goods as his own.”

Jean Bodin, French political philosopher, Six Lives of the Republic, 1579

Bodin's discussion of tyrannical and despotic monarchies displays which of the following political developments in Europe?

• The concentration of power in increasingly centralized governments

• The increased influence of the Protestant Reformation on European politics

• The expanding political influence of new commercial elites

• The decreasing authority of the Papacy in international affairs

“A royal, or legitimate, monarchy, is that in which the subjects obey the laws of the monarch, and the monarch obeys the laws of nature, granting his subjects their natural liberty and private property. A despotic monarchy is that in which the prince is lord of all goods and all persons by virtue of conquest . . . and governs his subjects as a father of a household rules his slaves. A tyrannical monarchy is that in which the monarch, contemptuous of the laws of nature, abuses a free people and treats them like slaves, appropriating their goods as his own.”

Jean Bodin, French political philosopher, Six Lives of the Republic, 1579

Bodin's assertions about a legitimate monarchy are best understood as which of the following developments in 16th and 17th cent. gov'ts

• The ongoing rebellion of cultural minorities against the European governments

• The creation of alternative political systems that rejected monarchy

• The development of new ideas concerning the value of secular systems of government

• The continuing calls for the creation of a unified monarchy to rule over Western Europe

Nicolaes Maes, Dutch artist, The Account Keeper, 1656

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Maes's inclusion of a map of the world in the painting?

• It reflected ongoing Dutch campaign against the Habsburgs

• It reflected the growing importance of overseas trade to Dutch society

• It reflected the growing influence of Asian cultural contacts on Dutch art

• It reflected the territorial settlements of the Peace of Westphalia

Nicolaes Maes, Dutch artist, The Account Keeper, 1656

Based on the painting, Maes most likely held which of the following views?

• Women's labor should be restricted according to traditional guild practices

• Women were capable of managing the new financial practices

• Women should have property rights and equal legal status in marriage

• Women should be allowed to hold political office as members of the Dutch Parliament

Nicolaes Maes, Dutch artist, The Account Keeper, 1656

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Maes's choice of subject matter?

• He wished to emulate the classical influence of Italian Renaissance artists

• He wanted to condemn the increasingly materialistic views of Dutch society

• He wanted to attract the patronage of the growing Dutch urban merchant class

• He wanted to demonstrate that wealth and property were a sign of divine favor

The following question refers to the topic of economic development in the 1700s.

The increased European consumption of luxury goods in the 1700s resulted most directly from which of the following economic developments?

• The growth of factory-driven mass production techniques

• The expansion of trade between Europe and other regions of the world

• The revival of serfdom and other parts of coerced labor in Western Europe

• The increased effectiveness of government accounting and tax-collection practices

The following question refers to the topic of economic development in the 1700s.

The overall increase of European wealth best explains which of the following demographic developments in the 1700s?

• The emigration of Europeans to overseas colonies

• The increase in the percentage of births outside marriage

• The growth of urban commercial centers

• The tendency of people to marry at younger ages

The following question refers to the topic of economic development in the 1700s.

European monarchs of the 1700s mostly attempted to promote trade and consumption in luxury items by following

• Mercantilist policies that protected domestic industries and encouraged the creation of colonies

• Free trade policies that allowed countries to specialize in producing goods for which they had a competitive advantage

• Policies that emphasized economic self-sufficiency and avoided dependence on goods or resources from other countries

• Policies that created state-owned industries and wealth-redistribution programs

“Michael Ferrer was tried for speaking malicious words against the King on the 21st of November, 1689.

First, he stated that while King William set forth in his Declaration that he came to preserve the laws, he had altered them instead, which he would suddenly repent of.

Secondly, he stated that King William claimed he came to maintain our rights, but instead of that he came for the Crown.

Thirdly, he stated that King James was overturned unfairly, and that his rights had not been respected, etc.

The evidence presented was the testimony of one Terry, who said that Michael spoke these words to him at the Royal Exchange. The prisoner called very credible evidence to testify to his reputation, how he had always been a good Protestant, and had relinquished his office and lands in Ireland, rather than turn Catholic. So, upon the whole, the Court was well satisfied, whereupon he was acquitted.”

Old Bailey Proceedings: Accounts of Criminal Trials, London, England, 1690

The “malicious words” attributed to the accused best illustrate which of the following developments in England in the late seventeenth century?

• The ongoing tensions between Parliament and the Crown over the limits of royal authority

• The attempt to restore Catholicism to England after the Reformation

• The effects of outbreak of the English Civil War

• The continuing series of military conflicts with France