Unit 2 Definitions Review- Quizs

What is the process of studying every part of something to make a conclusion about what it is?

• Top down processing

• Bottom up processing

• Perceptual set

• Schema

Answer explanation

Bottom up processing involves analyzing individual components to form a complete understanding. This process starts with sensory input and builds up to a final conclusion about what is being observed.

Which process involves using previous knowledge to come to quick conclusions?

• Bottom up processing

• Perceptual context

• Top down processing

• Gestalt psychology

Answer explanation

Top down processing uses existing knowledge and expectations to interpret information quickly, allowing for rapid conclusions based on prior experiences, unlike bottom up processing which relies on sensory input.

Which concept explains why things that appear larger on your retina are perceived to be closer?

• Interposition

• Relative Size

• Shape Constancy

• Color Constancy

Answer explanation

The concept of Relative Size explains that objects appearing larger on the retina are perceived as closer. This is because our brain interprets size based on distance, leading us to associate larger images with proximity.

What is the gambler’s fallacy?

• Believing an event is bound to change, even though it has the same odds as before

• An idea where you don't want to quit after investing time

• Coming up with one solution to a problem

• Thinking something only works one way

Answer explanation

The gambler's fallacy is the belief that past events affect the probabilities of future independent events. For example, thinking a coin flip is due to land on heads after several tails is a common misconception.

What is it called when the context of a situation influence your perception?

• Perceptual experience

• Perceptual cultural

• Perceptual context

• Figure and ground

Answer explanation

The term 'perceptual context' refers to how the surrounding circumstances and environment influence how we perceive a situation. This makes it the correct choice, as it directly addresses the impact of context on perception.

What is episodic memory?

• Our experiences

• General knowledge about facts from our memory

• Memories that we consciously remember/recall

• Structuring information to influence someone

Answer explanation

Episodic memory refers to our experiences, including specific events and personal memories. It contrasts with general knowledge or facts, which are not tied to personal experiences.

What are executive functions?

• Higher thinking that helps with decision making

• Memories that we consciously remember

• General knowledge about facts from our memory

• Coming up with one solution to a problem

Answer explanation

Executive functions refer to higher-level cognitive processes that aid in decision making, problem-solving, and self-regulation. This makes the first choice the correct answer, as it encompasses the essence of executive functions.

What is the term for when your brain fills in gaps when viewing an unfilled image?

• Closure

• Proximity

• Similarity

• Attention

Answer explanation

The term 'Closure' refers to the brain's ability to perceive a complete image even when parts are missing. This cognitive process allows us to fill in gaps in visual information, making sense of incomplete shapes or patterns.

What is Availability Heuristics?

• Making a decision based on recently learned information

• Making a decision based on stereotypes

• Using a solution that has worked in the past

• The use of a mental shortcut to solve a problem

Answer explanation

Availability heuristics involve making decisions based on information that is most readily available or recently learned, which is why the correct choice is 'Making a decision based on recently learned information'.

Which type of memory is challenging to describe and is used unconsciously?

• Procedural memory

• Implicit/non-declarative memory

• Phonological loop

• Iconic memory

Answer explanation

Implicit/non-declarative memory is challenging to describe because it operates unconsciously, influencing our actions and skills without our awareness, unlike procedural memory which is a specific type of implicit memory.