Chapter 14: Postwar Prosperity and Civil Rights

What was demobilization after World War II?

• The expansion of the military

• The process of reducing military forces and transitioning to a peacetime economy

• The creation of new military bases

• The reinforcement of Cold War defenses

What did the G.I. Bill of Rights provide to returning veterans?

• Guaranteed government jobs

• College tuition assistance, loans for homes, and job training

• Immediate military pensions

• Free housing for life

Why did suburbs grow rapidly in the 1950s?

• Government policies and the Interstate Highway System made commuting easier

• There were fewer job opportunities in cities

• The cost of living was higher in the suburbs

• Cities restricted new housing developments

What impact did the baby boom have on the United States?

• It reduced the need for suburban expansion

• It slowed economic growth

• It led to a significant increase in demand for housing, schools, and consumer goods

• It led to a decline in the birth rate

How did the Civil Rights Movement challenge segregation?

• By establishing separate but equal facilities

• By using nonviolent protests, legal challenges, and boycotts

• By restricting public demonstrations

• By encouraging African Americans to move to different states

What was the NAACP's role in the Civil Rights Movement?

• It worked to challenge segregation laws through legal action

• It was focused only on voting rights

• It was a government agency enforcing civil rights laws

• It organized armed resistance against racial discrimination

How did the National Urban League assist African Americans?

• By enforcing school desegregation policies

• By organizing nationwide boycotts

• By promoting economic self-sufficiency and job opportunities in cities

• By establishing new colleges for Black students

What was the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) known for?

• Encouraging African Americans to leave the South

• Organizing freedom rides and sit-ins to protest segregation

• Lobbying only for voting rights

• Supporting segregation in public schools

What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

• It ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional

• It established separate educational programs for minorities

• It upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine

• It only applied to private schools

What does integration mean in the context of the Civil Rights Movement?

• The relocation of African American communities

• The separation of races in schools and public facilities

• The expansion of voting rights

• The combining of different racial groups into shared spaces and institutions