The Enlightenment and the American Revolution: Mastery Test

How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment?

• It helped monarchs rule their kingdoms better by implementing natural law.

• It weakened the power of absolute monarchies and promoted constitutionalism.

• It helped the Catholic Church understand the wonders of scientific discovery.

• It promoted the use of reason, observation, and experimentation in social and political life.

Identify two effects of the Glorious Revolution on the English monarchy.

• The idea of monarchs ruling by divine right was rejected.

• The monarch who reigned before the revolution was executed.

• A limited, constitutional monarchy was established.

• The monarch's role in the Church of England ended.

• A law was passed to allow Catholics to become monarchs.

Which two events in Britain indirectly influenced the American Revolution?

• passage of the English Bill of Rights

• the English Peasant Revolution

• the election of commoners to Parliament

• The Glorious Revolution

• The English Declaration of Independence

Which sentence best describes the main effect of the English Bill of Rights?

• It gave Parliament the right to elect a successor when a monarch died.

• It ensured that no monarch could rule without Parliament.

• It guaranteed all people the rights to liberty and property.

• It defined the rights of the officials of the Church of England.

Read this excerpt from the US Constitution. Which portion of the text reflects the Enlightenment idea of popular sovereignty?

• We the People of the United States

• In order to form a more perfect union

• Establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility

• And secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity

Match each Enlightenment philosopher to the book that he wrote.

• The Social Contract

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Leviathan

• John Locke

• Commentaries on the Laws of England

• William Blackstone

• Second Treatise on Government

• Thomas Hobbes

Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs. Match the correct idea to the Enlightenment thinker.

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• John Locke

Read this excerpt from the US Constitution. Which portion of the text is an example of separation of powers?

• All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

• Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Select the correct text in the passage. Read this excerpt from the Declaration of Independence. Which portion of the text reflects the Founding Fathers’ ideas about the natural rights all people are entitled to?

• When, in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s GOD entitle them, a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the Causes which impel them to the Separation.

• We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

Match each Enlightenment philosopher to the description of his main philosophy.

• Natural law was given to humans by God.

• John Locke

• The social contract is an agreement in which people exchange some of their individual freedoms for common security.

• William Blackstone

• Government cannot obstruct citizens' natural rights to life, property, and liberty.

• Thomas Hobbes