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Charlotte and Arjun are discussing energy sources. Charlotte says that one process splits an atom, while the other combines atoms. What is the main difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?

• Fusion splits an atom, while fission combines atoms.

• Fission splits an atom, while fusion combines atoms.

• Both processes involve splitting atoms.

• Both processes involve combining atoms.

Answer explanation

The correct choice is that fission splits an atom, while fusion combines atoms. Fission involves breaking down heavy atomic nuclei, whereas fusion merges light nuclei to form heavier ones, releasing energy in both processes.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Maya and David are discussing what fuels the nuclear fusion in the Sun. Which of the following fuels nuclear fusion in the Sun?

• Uranium-235

• Plutonium-239

• Hydrogen isotopes

• Carbon-14

Answer explanation

Nuclear fusion in the Sun primarily involves hydrogen isotopes, such as deuterium and tritium, which combine to form helium, releasing energy. The other options, like uranium and plutonium, are used in fission, not fusion.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

William and Abigail are working on a science project about stars. They want to understand what condition is necessary for nuclear fusion to occur in the core of a star.

• Extremely low temperatures

• The presence of heavy elements

• High temperature and high pressure

• A vacuum environment

Answer explanation

Nuclear fusion requires high temperature and high pressure to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged nuclei, allowing them to collide and fuse. This condition is essential for the fusion process to occur.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

James and Abigail are conducting an experiment in their physics class to understand nuclear reactions. What subatomic particles should they focus on to observe these reactions?

• protons, neutrons

• neutrons, electrons

• electrons, protons

• neutrons, protons, electrons

Answer explanation

Nuclear reactions primarily involve protons and neutrons, which are the components of atomic nuclei. Electrons do not participate in these reactions, making 'protons, neutrons' the correct choice.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

During a science experiment, Oliver observed that nuclear reactions occur in the _________ of an atom.

• nucleus

• protons

• electron cloud

• neutron

Answer explanation

Nuclear reactions occur in the nucleus of an atom, where protons and neutrons are located. The other options, such as protons, electron cloud, and neutrons, do not represent the site of nuclear reactions.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Ethan and Zoe are learning about how two hydrogen nuclei combine to form a new, heavier helium nucleus, releasing energy in the process.

SMALL to LARGE elements.

• nuclear fusion

• nuclear fission

• nuclear bomb

• nuclear atomic mass

Answer explanation

Nuclear fusion is the process where two small nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing energy in the process. This is the correct choice as it specifically describes the combination of small elements into larger ones.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

David is studying the composition of the Sun for his science project. What is the percentage of the Sun's composition?

• 74 % Hydrogen 25 % Helium 1% all other elements

• 75% helium 24% Hydrogen1% all other

• 100% hydrogen

• 100% helium

Answer explanation

The Sun's composition is primarily 74% hydrogen and 25% helium, with only 1% consisting of all other elements. This makes the first answer choice the correct one, accurately reflecting the Sun's elemental makeup.

During a science class, Ethan asked his teacher, "Where do nuclear reactions primarily take place?"

• Earth’s atmosphere

• The moon’s surface

• Core of all stars

• Ocean floors

Answer explanation

Nuclear reactions primarily occur in the core of all stars, where extreme temperatures and pressures enable fusion processes. This is essential for the production of energy that powers stars, unlike the other options.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Maya is studying about stars in her astronomy class. She learns that the core of a star, where nuclear reactions occur, reaches extremely high temperatures. What is the approximate temperature of the core of a star?

• 15 million F

• 1000 F

• 1 billion F

• 1000 F

Answer explanation

The core of a star, where nuclear fusion occurs, reaches temperatures around 15 million degrees Fahrenheit. This extreme heat is necessary for the fusion of hydrogen into helium, which powers the star.

During a school science fair, Daniel and Grace demonstrated how controlled nuclear reactions can be conducted. In what type of location did they perform this demonstration?

• Oceans

• Deserts

• Moon

• Scientific laboratories

Answer explanation

Controlled nuclear reactions require precise conditions and safety measures, which are best provided in scientific laboratories. Other locations like oceans, deserts, or the moon lack the necessary infrastructure and safety protocols.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8