Geographical Systems and the Hydrological Cycle Quiz

What is an open system?

• A system that transfers both matter and energy across its boundary

• A system that only transfers energy

• A system with no external interactions

• A system that is isolated from its environment

What is a negative feedback loop?

• Where the effects of an action are cancelled out by its subsequent effects

• Where the effects of an action are amplified

• Where energy is only transferred

• Where water is only stored in the ocean

What is the hydrosphere?

• Water on or close to the Earth's surface

• The Earth's crust and upper mantle

• Frozen areas of the Earth

• The layer of gases surrounding Earth

What is the effect of climate change on the water cycle over time?

• It leads to a reduction in the size of mountain glaciers and changes future river flows.

• It always increases river flow.

• It has no effect on precipitation.

• It only affects the oceans.

How does topography and relief affect the storm hydrograph?

• Steeper basins drain more quickly, while indented landscapes collect water at the surface.

• Flatter basins always have more rainfall.

• Topography has no effect on water flow.

• Steeper basins always have less rainfall.

What is the effect of heavy storms on the storm hydrograph?

• Soil field capacity is more likely to be met, increasing runoff and river discharge.

• They always decrease river flow.

• They have no effect on soil moisture.

• They only affect groundwater.

What is the effect of underlying geology (rock type) on the storm hydrograph?

• Impermeable rocks encourage greater amounts of surface runoff and a more rapid increase in discharge.

• All rocks have the same effect on runoff.

• Permeable rocks always increase flooding.

• Rock type only affects temperature.

How much has global water vapour in the lower atmosphere increased since the 1970s?

• By 3-4%

• By 10%

• By 50%

• By 0.1%

How does irrigation affect the storm hydrograph?

• It removes water, lowering levels and discharge.

• It always increases river flow.

• It only affects groundwater.

• It has no effect on river discharge.

What is the main role of carbon in regulating global climate?

• Determining acidity of rain

• Regulating temperature

• Supporting plant growth

• Forming sedimentary rocks