Genetics and Inheritance Concepts

What is the principle of independent assortment?

• The principle that traits are inherited together as a unit.

• The principle that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

• The principle that all traits are dominant over recessive traits.

• The principle that only one allele is passed from each parent to the offspring.

What is the definition of dominant allele?

• A variant of a gene that expresses its trait in the phenotype only when two copies are present.

• A variant of a gene that will express its trait in the phenotype even when only one copy is present (e.g., 'B' in Bb).

• A type of allele that is always recessive and does not affect the phenotype.

• An allele that can only be expressed in the presence of a dominant allele.

What is the definition of recessive allele?

• A variant of a gene that expresses its trait only when two copies are present.

• A type of allele that always expresses its trait regardless of the other allele.

• An allele that can mask the expression of another allele in a heterozygous condition.

• A gene variant that is never expressed in the phenotype.

What is the principle of segregation in genetics?

• The principle of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

• The principle of segregation states that alleles are blended together in the offspring.

• The principle of segregation states that traits are inherited independently of one another.

• The principle of segregation states that only one allele is passed from each parent to the offspring.

What is the chance of a child having blue eyes if both parents are heterozygous brown-eyed (Bb x Bb)?

• 10%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

What is a Punnett square used for?

• To predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

• To measure the height of plants in a garden.

• To determine the age of fossils in geology.

• To analyze the behavior of animals in their habitat.

What is the role of chromosomes in inheritance?

• Chromosomes are responsible for the physical appearance of an organism.

• Chromosomes carry genes, which are the units of heredity, and are passed from parents to offspring during reproduction.

• Chromosomes are involved in the digestion of food in cells.

• Chromosomes help in the production of energy within the cell.

What is the definition of phenotype?

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The observable traits or characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

• The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

• The study of how organisms interact with their environment.

What does heterozygous mean in genetics?

• Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., BB)

• Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Bb)

• Having no alleles for a particular gene

• Having multiple alleles for a single gene

What does homozygous mean in genetics?

• Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AB)

• Having one allele for a particular gene (e.g., A)

• Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., BB or bb)

• Having no alleles for a particular gene