Geography exam revision

1. The enhanced greenhouse effect (sometimes referred to as climate change or global warming) is best described as:

• 1. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere due to natural processes

• 1. The amount of carbon produced by each person in a country

• 1. Additional heat retained in the atmosphere due to the increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by human activity

• 1. CO2 increase in the soil due to human activity such as mining

What is an example of a physical pollutant?

• Pesticides

• Heavy metals

• Bacteria

• Plastic bags

Match the definition to the relevant Ecosystem service

• Sources

• Processes that take place in the natural environment that support life

• Spirituality

• Processes that take place in the natural environment that absorb waste

• Services

• Natural products that can be used or converted by humans for use

• Sinks

• A sense of wellbeing and spiritual connection offered by the environment

The following are a list of ecosystem services examples. Organise them into the correct category

Groups:

(a) Sources

,

(b) Sinks

,

(c) Services

,

(d) Spirituality

• Providing shade

• Decomposing and dispersing waste

• Indigenous connection to land

• Fish

• Places for recreation

• Water

• Providing oxygen

• Crops

• Filtering water

• Micro-organisms that break down oil spills in the ocean

• Wood

Rearrange the steps below to show how deforestation can lead to land degradation.

• The removal of trees leads to a loss in habitat and removes the protective layer of the soil

• The soil is exposed, causing land degradation, erosion and an increase in salinity over time

• Trees are removed from a healthy forest

What is the definition of fossil fuel?

• Non-renewable resource formed over millions of years, such as coal, oil and natural gases

• Additional heat retained in the atmosphere due to the increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by human activity

• Animals such as cows that release Co2 into the atmosphere

• Fuels that humans use to increase the global temperature

Match the world view to its appropriate definition

• Egocentric

• Humans are the most important species. We are in charge of the Earth and the natural world. We can use nature to support us and our lifestyle.

• Ecocentric

• We should do whatever we can to minimise our impact and preserve the Earth's biodiversity. We are no more important than any other organism.

• Biocentric

• We have a responsibility to use Earth's resources in a sustainable way. Other species may be useful to us but they also have as might right to exist as we do

• Anthropocentric

• I am the most important creature on Earth. Everything and everyone else is important to the extent that they support me and my lifestyle.

The three main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect are:

• Water vapour, hydrogen, carbon

• Oxygen, water, carbon dioxide

• Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane

• Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen

Which of the following is NOT an example of an ecosystem service?

• Bees pollinating flowers

• Trees absorbing carbon dioxide

• Factories producing plastic

• Wetlands filtering water

Match the indicator to the correct definition:

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

• The total value of all goods and services produced in a country

• Literacy rate

• The percentage of adults who can read and write

• Gross National Income (GNI)

• A composite index measuring a country's average achievements in health, education, and income

• Human Development Index (HDI)

• The proportion of children that die in their first year

• Infant mortality rate

• The total amount of incomes earned by the residents of a country