Living Environment Regents Review Vocab Part 1

Amino acids

• Building blocks of proteins (monomers).

• Components of nucleic acids.

• Energy sources for cells.

• Structural components of carbohydrates.

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Testosterone

• Female sex hormone that regulates menstrual cycle.

• Male sex hormone that stimulates production of sperm.

• Hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.

• Hormone that promotes muscle relaxation.

Inorganic molecule

• Water

• Glucose

• Protein

• DNA

Nerve cells

• Cells that carry information in the body.

• Cells that store energy in the body.

• Cells that protect the body from infections.

• Cells that produce hormones in the body.

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Excretory system

• The system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance (kidneys).

• The system responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption.

• The system that circulates blood and oxygen throughout the body.

• The system that protects the body from infections and diseases.

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Diabetes

• A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar.

• A condition characterized by excessive insulin production leading to low blood sugar levels.

• A genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to absorb nutrients from food.

• An autoimmune disease that attacks the pancreas and stops insulin production.

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Simple sugars-glucose

• The primary source of energy for the body.

• The building blocks (monomer) of carbohydrates.

• A type of protein found in muscle tissue.

• A complex carbohydrate made of many sugar units.

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Immune response

• The body's specific recognition, response, and memory to a pathogen attack.

• A general reaction of the body to any injury or infection.

• The process of producing antibodies against foreign substances.

• The immediate reaction of the body to physical trauma.

HIV

• Human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS virus); destroys the immune system.

• Hepatitis B virus; affects the liver.

• Influenza virus; causes the flu.

• Herpes simplex virus; causes cold sores.

Cellular respiration

• Process that makes ATP for the cell in the mitochondria (O2 + glucose → CO2 + H2O + ATP).

• A method of photosynthesis occurring in plant cells.

• The breakdown of proteins into amino acids for energy.

• A process that occurs only in the cytoplasm of the cell.

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