#11 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Quiz

Describe the characteristics of pediatric clients that affect their ability to adapt to fluid loss or gain.

Define common renal and urinary disorders that occur in children.

Describe the various factors that contribute to the urinary tract infections in infants and children.

Discuss the preoperative preparation of the child and parents when the child has structural defect of the urinary tract.

Demonstrate an understanding of the causes of mechanisms of edema formation and nephritic syndrome.

Contrast the causes, complications, and management of acute and chronic renal failure.

What are the therapeutic management steps for mild diarrhea?

• Oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte in small amounts on a regimen

• Breastfeeding should continue for breastfed infants

• Probiotics may be administered

• Loperamide or kaolin and pectin to halt diarrhea

What are the clinical manifestations of severe diarrhea?

• Temperature is often as high as 103° to 104°F

• Both pulse and respirations are weak and rapid

• The skin is pale and cool

• Infants may appear apprehensive, listless, and lethargic

What are the causes of vomiting?

• Acute infectious diseases

• Increased intracranial pressure

• Toxic ingestions

• Food intolerances and allergies

What are the clinical manifestations associated with vomiting?

• Fever and diarrhea accompanying vomiting suggest an infection

• Constipation associated with vomiting suggests an obstruction

• Localized abdominal pain and vomiting often occur with appendicitis

• Forceful vomiting is associated with pyloric stenosis