Writing for the media

What is the primary obligation of journalism according to Kovach and Rosenstiel?

• Entertainment

• Truth

• Profit

• Popularity

What is the essence of journalism as described in the test?

• Speed

• Verification

• Opinion

• Creativity

From whom must journalists maintain independence to avoid harm, according to ethical journalism principles?

• Their editors

• The government

• Those they cover

• Advertisers

What is the first paragraph of a news story called, and what key questions does it typically answer?

• Conclusion, who and why

• Lead, who, what, when, where, why

• Summary, what and when

• Introduction, where and how

What structure is most commonly used in hard news writing, and how does it differ from the approach in feature stories?

• Chronological, differs by using flashbacks

• Inverted pyramid, differs by starting with an anecdote

• Narrative, differs by focusing on data

• Outline, differs by adding visuals

What are two techniques a reporter might use to enhance storytelling in feature stories?

• Descriptive narration and extended quotes

• Short sentences and statistics

• Headlines and subheadings

• Timeliness and conflict

What news value refers to how recent an event is, and what value involves conflict or tension that draws attention?

• Prominence, proximity

• Timeliness, conflict

• Relevance, tragedy

• Impact, balance

What ethical principle requires journalists to admit and correct mistakes when they happen?

• Integrity

• Transparency

• Accountability

• Fairness

When writing for broadcast media, what should writers avoid using, and what should they focus on instead?

• Avoid jargon, focus on passive voice

• Avoid long or complex sentences, focus on active voice

• Avoid simplicity, focus on technical terms

• Avoid clarity, focus on lengthy explanations

What are three challenges affecting ethical reporting in Nigeria as mentioned in the test?

• Technological issues, funding, and censorship

• Political interference, lack of resources, and pressure to publish news before verifying it

• Media competition, legal restrictions, and public apathy

• Training gaps, equipment shortages, and international influence