Throughout North and South America, which three imperial languages most endanger Indigenous tongues today?

• A. English, Hindi, Arabic

• B. English, German, Italian

• C. English, French, Japanese

• D. English, French, Spanish

Linguists argue that Indigenous languages in the Western Hemisphere are disappearing mainly because of —

• political decrees

• epidemic illnesses

• market-driven pressures

• recent digital breakthroughs

The idea of economic interdependence suggests that —

• A. nations must run balanced trade at all times

• B. countries aim for total self-sufficiency

• C. shifts in one economy quickly ripple worldwide

• D. renewable resources always replace non-renewables

When citizens stage a boycott against a company, they —

• refuse to purchase its products or services

• sabotage its property

• flood it with angry letters

• sign an online petition

A social-media drive urging consumers to avoid a clothing line accused of sweatshop labour would least attract —

• A. environmental campaigners

• B. corporate board members

• C. labour-rights activists

• D. human-rights advocates

Which case best shows cultural hybridization caused by globalization?

• The rise of Métis culture in Canada

• Mohawk lacrosse tournaments

• Traditional Huron maize farming

• French missionaries building cathedrals

Many historians contend that from 1500 to 1900 European expansion succeeded chiefly because Europeans —

• lost most of their wars

• acted solely for religious reasons

• relied heavily on military force

• enjoyed unquestioned moral superiority

Which example best illustrates Europe using armed power to extend its reach?

• A. Spanish conquistadors in the Americas

• B. Global popularity of Shakespeare

• C. Smallpox epidemics among Indigenous peoples

Samuel Huntington wrote that the West prevailed “not by the superiority of its ideas but by its capacity for organized violence.” He implied that —

• A. words outweigh weapons

• B. Western nations betrayed their ideals

• C. Western guilt shapes foreign policy

• D. the defeated remember injustice more keenly

Scientists warn that shrinking resources and climate stress could spark future battles over —

• A. political identities

• B. land, freshwater, and fuel

• C. racial or linguistic rights

• D. ozone holes and acid rain