Understanding Operating Systems

What is an operating system?

• A web browser

• A programming language

• An operating system is software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

• A type of computer hardware

Name three types of operating systems.

• Batch, Time-Sharing, Real-Time

• Distributed

• Network

• Embedded

What is the primary function of an operating system?

• To serve as a database management system

• To provide internet connectivity

• To run applications exclusively

• The primary function of an operating system is to manage hardware and software resources.

Explain the difference between a kernel and a shell.

• The kernel provides a graphical interface, and the shell is command-line based.

• The shell manages hardware resources while the kernel executes commands.

• The kernel is a type of shell used for user commands.

• The kernel manages system resources and hardware, while the shell provides a user interface for command execution.

What is multitasking in operating systems?

• Multitasking is the capability of an operating system to manage and execute multiple processes concurrently.

• Multitasking refers to the process of shutting down applications to save resources.

• Multitasking is the ability to run a single process at a time.

• Multitasking is when an operating system only allows background processes to run.

Define the term 'process' in the context of operating systems.

• A process is a type of hardware component in a computer.

• A process refers to the storage space allocated for data.

• A process is a set of instructions that are not currently running.

• A process is an instance of a program in execution, including its code, current activity, and allocated resources.

What is virtual memory and why is it used?

• Virtual memory is used to extend the available memory beyond physical RAM, allowing for more efficient use of system resources and enabling larger applications to run.

• Virtual memory is a method to store data permanently on a hard drive.

• Virtual memory is used to increase the speed of the CPU.

• Virtual memory is a type of physical storage device.

How do operating systems manage hardware resources?

• Operating systems only provide user interfaces for hardware management.

• Operating systems manage hardware resources through allocation, scheduling, and abstraction.

• Operating systems only manage software resources.

• Operating systems do not interact with hardware at all.

What is the role of device drivers in an operating system?

• Device drivers manage system memory allocation.

• Device drivers are used to enhance the graphical user interface.

• Device drivers facilitate communication between the operating system and hardware devices.

• Device drivers are responsible for network security.

Name two popular operating systems and their main features.

• macOS: Limited software options, high cost

• 1. Windows: User-friendly interface, extensive software compatibility; 2. Linux: Open-source, secure, flexible.

• Android: Primarily for mobile devices, less secure

• Chrome OS: Requires internet for most functions, limited app support