M13 TOXI LEC FINALS

M13 TOXI LEC FINALS

Professional Development

20 Qs

quiz-placeholder

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M13 TOXI LEC FINALS

M13 TOXI LEC FINALS

Assessment

Quiz

Other

Professional Development

Practice Problem

Hard

Created by

Zyra Macatuno

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20 questions

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1.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which intrinsic renal structure receives the highest volumetric blood flow relative to its mass, and what is the physiological consequence of this with regard to toxicant exposure?

Renal papilla; higher toxin exposure due to concentrated tubular fluid

Renal cortex; more exposure to circulating blood-borne toxicants due to high perfusion

Medulla; increased vulnerability due to sluggish blood flow

Pelvis; accumulation of toxins in the urine

2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) depends on the filtration coefficient (Kf) and net filtration pressure. Which toxicant-induced alteration would most directly reduce Kf?

Renal artery vasoconstriction

Podocyte injury reducing filtration surface area

Increased efferent arteriole resistance increasing hydrostatic pressure

Tubuloglomerular feedback increasing renin release

3.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), which segment of the nephron is most susceptible to hypoxic injury and why?

Distal convoluted tubule due to low blood flow

Medullary thick ascending limb due to high metabolic demand and low oxygen tension

Glomerulus due to direct toxin filtration

Collecting duct due to ADH-mediated water reabsorption

4.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which pathophysiologic mechanism best explains decreased GFR in NSAID-induced AKI?

NSAID-induced systemic hypotension decreasing renal perfusion

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-mediated vasodilatory prostaglandins leading to afferent arteriole vasoconstriction

Direct tubular cytotoxicity reducing filtration membrane permeability

Increased activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leading to efferent arteriole dilation

5.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity involves vasoconstriction. Which mediator plays a pivotal role in this process?

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Endothelin-1

Nitric oxide

Bradykinin

6.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best describes the molecular triggering event in acetaminophen nephrotoxicity?

Direct alkylation of mitochondrial DNA by para-aminophenol (PAP) metabolite

Renal cytochrome P450 2E1-mediated formation of a reactive quinone-imine intermediate covalently binding proximal tubular proteins

Immunologically mediated renal interstitial inflammation

Oxidative damage to the glomerular basement membrane by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)

7.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The pathogenesis of analgesic nephropathy includes chronic medullary ischemia. What distinct pathological lesion characterizes this condition?

Global glomerulosclerosis

Papillary necrosis and chronic interstitial nephritis

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis

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