JUNE13_HIV_ABOHDFN_WAS_GRAVES

A 29-year-old man presents with weight loss, night sweats, and oral thrush. HIV-1 ELISA returns positive. What is the next appropriate step?

• Start antiretroviral therapy immediately

• Order CD4 count

• Perform Western blot

• Order viral culture

In HIV infection, which marker appears first in the window period?

• Anti-HIV IgG

• p24 antigen

• CD4 count drop

• Anti-HIV IgM

Which of the following is the gold standard for confirming acute HIV infection?

• HIV-1 RNA by NAAT

• p24 antigen

• CD4 count

• HIV IgG/IgM rapid test

A patient with HIV develops candidiasis, chronic diarrhea, and a CD4 count of 180 cells/mm³. What stage of HIV is this?

• Acute retroviral syndrome

• Chronic asymptomatic phase

• AIDS

• Seroconversion illness

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of CD4+ T cell depletion in HIV?

• Autoimmune destruction

• Apoptosis via Fas-FasL

• Direct viral cytopathic effect

• Complement-mediated lysis

A healthcare worker is exposed to HIV via needle stick. The HIV source patient’s viral load is 350,000 copies/mL. What is the most appropriate management?

• Wait for seroconversion before treating

• Start dual ART immediately

• Administer vaccine

• Observe only

In which of the following conditions would you expect false-positive HIV ELISA?

• Multiple myeloma

• Early window period

• Autoimmune disease (e.g., lupus)

• Recent Hepatitis B infection

Which of the following maternal-infant blood type pairs is most commonly associated with ABO HDFN?

• Mother O, baby A

• Mother B, baby B

• Mother AB, baby O

• Mother A, baby A

A newborn has anemia, jaundice within 24 hours, and a positive DAT. The mother is blood type O, the baby is type B. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Rh HDFN

• ABO HDFN

• Physiologic jaundice

• Hemoglobinopathy

What is the most sensitive screening test for detecting maternal alloantibodies?

• Direct antiglobulin test (DAT)

• Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)

• Elution

• Kleihauer-Betke test