A2 Essentials Unit 3

What are some patterns of the social distribution of crime and deviance related to in England and Wales?

• Social class, gender, ethnicity, and age.

• Weather patterns, diet, and fashion trends.

• Geographical features, climate, and language.

• Technological advancement, internet usage, and transportation.

Definitions of crime and deviance are considered as what kind of constructs?

• Social constructs

• Biological constructs

• Legal constructs

• Natural constructs

Which of the following is NOT a theory or explanation of crime and deviance listed in the Unit 3 Specification: Crime and Deviance?

• Functionalist

• Marxist

• Postmodernist

• Evolutionary

Crime and deviance can be explained as:

• Behaviors that violate social norms and laws

• Actions that always receive rewards

• Behaviors that are always accepted by society

• Only legal activities

Applying contemporary examples of crime and deviance is important to the debate because it:

• Provides real-world context to theoretical discussions.

• Ignores the relevance of current events.

• Focuses only on historical cases.

• Limits understanding to outdated examples.

Provide the definition for the key term: Deviance.

• Deviance refers to behaviors, beliefs, or conditions that violate societal norms or expectations.

• Deviance refers to the process of learning new skills through observation.

• Deviance refers to the economic system based on private ownership.

• Deviance refers to the biological inheritance of physical traits.

Provide an example for the key term: Deviance.

• Deviance refers to behaviors, beliefs, or conditions that violate societal norms or expectations. An example of deviance could be a person engaging in graffiti art on public property, which is often viewed as vandalism and goes against societal norms regarding property rights.

• Deviance refers to following all societal rules strictly. An example of deviance could be a person always obeying traffic laws.

• Deviance refers to common behaviors accepted by everyone. An example of deviance could be greeting someone with a handshake.

• Deviance refers to legal activities only. An example of deviance could be paying taxes on time.

Provide the definition for the key term: Coercion.

• Coercion is the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.

• Coercion is the voluntary agreement between two parties to achieve a common goal.

• Coercion is the process of making decisions based on mutual respect and understanding.

• Coercion is the act of providing incentives to encourage positive behavior.

Provide the definition for the key term: Internalisation.

• Internalisation refers to the process by which individuals or groups incorporate external ideas, values, or norms into their own belief systems, often leading to a change in behavior or perspective.

• Internalisation is the process of rejecting external values and maintaining one's original beliefs without change.

• Internalisation refers to the act of physically storing information for future use.

• Internalisation is the process of externalizing personal beliefs to influence others.

Provide the definition for the key term: Informal social control.

• Informal social control refers to the ways in which individuals and groups in society regulate behavior and maintain social norms without formal legal or institutional mechanisms. This can include socialization, peer pressure, and community expectations.

• Informal social control is the process by which governments enforce laws through police and judicial systems.

• Informal social control refers to the economic policies used by states to influence market behavior.

• Informal social control is the use of technology to monitor and restrict individual actions in society.