South Final Exam: Evolution (study guide pg1-3)

What is artificial selection/selective breeding?

• The environment controls evolution

• Humans control the evolution by selecting traits to breed

• New traits in a population's gene pool

• Extinction of species

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

• A) Peppered moths changing color

• B) Chameleons camouflaging

• C) Wild strawberries vs Domestic strawberries

• D) Asteroid causing extinction

Natural selection is controlled by ________.

• the environment

• genetic engineering

• human choice

• random chance

Give an example of natural selection mentioned in the study list.

• Peppered moths changing color during the Industrial Revolution

• Photosynthesis in plants

• The water cycle in nature

• The invention of the telephone

What are acquired characteristics?

• New traits in a population’s gene pool

• Inherited traits passed from parents to offspring

• Traits determined only by genetic mutations

• Characteristics present at birth

What are two ways new traits can be introduced into a population’s gene pool?

• Sexual selection and mutations

• Natural selection and migration

• Genetic drift and adaptation

• Environmental changes and learned behaviors

What are two things living things need to be able to do to be considered 'fit'?

• Survive and reproduce

• Eat and sleep

• Grow and move

• Breathe and see

Why is it important to have high genetic variety in a population?

• There is a greater chance of survival if there is an environmental change (such as disease).

• It ensures all individuals look the same.

• It prevents any mutations from occurring.

• It guarantees that all offspring will be identical to their parents.

How do gametes relate to genetic variation?

• Meiosis creates gametes (egg/sperm), and each egg and sperm is genetically different, giving the possibility of an offspring being born with a new trait.

• Gametes are identical to each other and do not contribute to genetic variation.

• Gametes are produced by mitosis and always carry the same genetic information as the parent cell.

• Gametes combine to form offspring with the exact same traits as the parents.

What is an example of an adaptation mentioned in the study list?

• Chameleons changing colors

• Birds singing songs

• Fish swimming in water

• Trees growing tall