5.5 The beginnings of the Ottoman Empire

Which empire emerged as the dominant power in the Middle East after the decline of Persia and Byzantium?

• Mongol Empire

• Ottoman Empire

• Roman Empire

• Venetian Empire

What event significantly weakened both the Persian and Byzantine Empires?

• The Crusades

• The invasion by the Mongols

• A series of wars between the two empires

• The rise of Venice

What was Constantinople previously known as?

• Rome

• Byzantium

• Bursa

• Edirne

What prompted Pope Urban II to launch the Crusades?

• The fall of Rome

• The rise of the Mongol Empire

• Reports of violence by Muslim groups

• The decline of trade

Who founded the Ottoman Empire?

• Suleyman Pasha

• Orhan

• Osman I

• Mehmet II

What was one key reason for the Ottomans’ early military success?

• Advanced naval warfare

• Alliances with Crusaders

• A strong military tradition from service under Persia

• Their use of gunpowder weapons from the beginning

Which trade route did the Ottomans profit from?

• Trans-Siberian Route

• Silk Road

• Transatlantic Route

• Pacific Trade Network

Which of the following statements best describes Ottoman religious policy in their early years?

• They were strictly intolerant of other religions

• They allowed only Sunni Muslims to live in the empire

• They followed Sunni Islam and were more tolerant of Christians and Jews

• They promoted atheism to encourage science

What natural disaster allowed the Ottomans to capture Gallipoli?

• A volcanic eruption

• A massive flood

• An earthquake

• A plague

Who led the conquest of Gallipoli in 1354?

• Orhan

• Suleyman Pasha

• Osman I

• Mehmet II