OD 623- Midterm Review

What mechanisms help maintain homeostasis?

• Receptors

• Control centers

• Effectors

• All of the above

Answer explanation

Receptors sense changes in environment & send signals to a control center. The control center determines if function is within the acceptable limits. If not, the control center sends a signal to an effector target that can help body return to homeostasis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

What two terms can "Q" stand for?

• Every

• Always

• Four

• Never

"Hepato" is an example of what part of a medical term?

• Root
• Combining form
• Suffix
• Prefix

Answer explanation

Combining form includes the transition vowel.

Trendelenburg position is contraindicated in which of the following patients?

• Pt w/ recent eye surgery

• Pt w/ cerebral injury

• Bleeding pt

• Pt in shock

Answer explanation

Trendelenburg position: head of bed is lower than pt's feet

The spleen is located in which body quadrant?

• Right Upper Quadrant

• Left Upper Quadrant

• Right Lower Quadrant

• Left Lower Quadrant

Answer explanation

RUQ: Liver, right kidney, colon, pancreas, gallbladder

LUQ: Liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas

RLQ: Colon, small intestine, major artery and vein to the right leg, ureter, appendix

LLQ: Colon, small intestine, major artery and vein to the left leg, ureter

MIDLINE: Aorta, pancreas, small intestine, bladder, spine

Which organelle is responsible for making ribosome components?

• Nucleus

• Nucleolus

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

What organelle in the endomembrane system produces cholesterol and phospholipids for use in membranes? What organelle produces other lipids?

• Smooth ER, Rough ER

• Golgi apparatus, Rough ER

• Rough ER, Smooth ER

• Rough ER, lysosomes

Answer explanation

Rough ER: makes proteins & membrane components (cholesterols, phospholipids)

Smooth ER: produces lipids (fats, steroids)

-helps liver detoxify

-helps convert glycogen -> glucose in liver

-helps adrenal glands synthesize steroid hormones

Golgi Apparatus: receives, refines, & distributes chemical products of a cell- "ships" them to where they need to go

Lysosomes: clean up intracellular debris & other waste

-hydrolytic enzymes

What are the structural features of microfilaments in cellular cytoskeleton?

• Intracellular transport, mitosis, form cilia & flagella

• Cell shape maintenance, organelle anchoring, & mitosis

• Cell movement, intracellular transport, cell shape maintenance, and muscle contraction

• Cell movement, meiosis, cell shape maintenance

Answer explanation

Microtubules: Intracellular transport, mitosis, form cilia & flagella

-hollow

Intermediate filaments: Cell shape maintenance, organelle anchoring, & mitosis

-thin, solid

Microfilaments (actin filaments): Cell movement, intracellular transport, cell shape maintenance, and muscle contraction

-thin, solid

What is the 60-40-20 rule relating to body fluid division in the body?

• 60% of total body water (TBW) is ICF, 40% is ECF, and 20% is interstitial fluid

• 60% of body weight is water/fluid. 40% of that is ICF, 20% is ECF

• 60% of body weight is water/fluid. 20% of that is ICF, 40% is ECF

• 60% of total body water (TBW) is ECF, 20% is plasma, and 40% is ICF

Answer explanation

2/3 of total body water (TBW) is ICF; 1/3 is ECF

ECF is divided into interstitial fluid (80% of ECF) and plasma (20% of ECF)

Interstitial fluid is the mediator of exchange throughout the body.

What is the function of the ECF?

• -facilitates cellular metabolism

  -allows for intracellular communication

  -maintains cell volume/shape

• -facilitates swelling

  -cushions cells

  -helps in immune response

• -exchange medium for substances entering/exiting cells

  -allows for fluid & electrolyte balance

  -facilitates nutrient and waste transport

  -allows for intercellular communication

• -decreases edema

  -bypasses the lymphatic system

  -decreases communication between cells

Answer explanation

ICF: -facilitates cellular metabolism

-allows for intracellular communication

-maintains cell volume/shape

ECF: -exchange medium for substances entering/exiting cells

-allows for fluid & electrolyte balance

-facilitates nutrient and waste transport

-allows for intercellular communication

NOTE: cell membranes separate the ECF from the ICF.

Capillary walls divide plasma from interstitial fluid