Electrolyte Imbalance

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with rapid correction that may lead to osmotic demyelination?

• Hyperkalemia

• Hypokalemia

• Hyponatremia

• Hypernatremia

In the management of severe hyperkalemia, which of the following is used as a membrane cell stabilizer?

• Sodium bicarbonate

• Calcium gluconate

• Insulin with glucose

• Furosemide

What is the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe symptomatic hypocalcemia?

• Calcium carbonate

• IV calcium gluconate

• Oral calcium chloride

• Calcium lactate

Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with QT interval shortening on an ECG?

• Hypokalemia

• Hyperkalemia

• Hypercalcemia

• Hypocalcemia

Which electrolyte has a role in both depolarization and repolarization phases of the cardiac action potential, making its imbalance significant in ECG changes?

• Sodium

• Potassium

• Calcium

• Magnesium

What ECG change is commonly associated with hypomagnesemia?

• QT interval shortening

• T-wave inversion

• Prolonged QT interval

• Widened P wave

A patient presents with serum Na+ of 128 mEq/L and has no symptoms. What is the recommended initial management?

• IV hypertonic saline

• Oral sodium supplementation

• Fluid restriction

• IV normal saline

The use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate is indicated in which electrolyte imbalance?

• Hypokalemia

• Hypernatremia

• Hyperkalemia

• Hypocalcemia

Which of the following is an indication for urgent IV potassium supplementation?

• Mild hypokalemia

• Diabetic ketoacidosis

• Coronary insufficiency

• Hyponatremia

For hyperkalemia management, what is the recommended dose of nebulized salbutamol?

• 5-10 mg

• 10-20 mg

• 20-30 mg

• 30-40 mg