Acute Valvular Heart Disease

Which valve pathology is associated with acute severe mitral regurgitation following a myocardial infarction?

• Chordae tendineae rupture

• Leaflet calcification

• Commissural fusion

• Leaflet thickening

A characteristic physical examination finding in severe aortic stenosis is:

• Increased pulse pressure

• Pulsus parvus et tardus

• Loud S3 sound

• Decrescendo systolic murmur

The primary cause of aortic stenosis in elderly patients is:

• Rheumatic disease

• Congenital bicuspid valve

• Calcific degeneration

• Infective endocarditis

Acute mitral regurgitation is most commonly diagnosed through which imaging modality?

• Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

• Chest X-ray

• Coronary angiography

• Cardiac CT

Which agent is commonly used in the management of acute mitral regurgitation to reduce afterload?

• Diuretics

• Beta-blockers

• Vasodilators

• Calcium channel blockers

What is the recommended target INR range for anticoagulation in severe mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation?

• 1.5-2.0

• 2.0-3.0

• 2.5-3.5

• 3.0-4.0

Which murmur is characteristic of acute aortic regurgitation?

• Austin Flint murmur

• Continuous murmur

• Systolic ejection murmur

• Decrescendo diastolic murmur

The presence of pulmonary hypertension in mitral stenosis leads to which of the following complications?

• Right ventricular hypertrophy

• Increased left ventricular preload

• Decreased cardiac output

• Decreased systemic vascular resistance

Which clinical finding is suggestive of cardiogenic shock in acute aortic stenosis?

• Bradycardia

• Hypotension with narrow pulse pressure

• Wide pulse pressure

• Paradoxical splitting of S2

Infective endocarditis incidence is highest in which age group?

• 20-30 years

• 40-50 years

• 60-70 years

• 70-80 years