AICE Modern Europe: Unit 2 Industrial Revolution

Improved the steam engine in the late 18th century, making it more efficient and practical for industrial use. His innovations helped power early factories.

• James Watt
• Richard Arkwright
• George Stephenson
• Eli Whitney
• Henry Bessemer

Partnered with James Watt around 1775 to commercialize the steam engine, funding and marketing its industrial use.

• Matthew Boulton
• James Watt
• Josiah Wedgwood
• John Wilkinson
• Robert Owen

Invented the seed drill in the early 1700s, improving agricultural efficiency by planting seeds in rows.

• Jethro Tull
• Robert Bakewell
• Charles Townshend
• Thomas Malthus
• Adam Smith

Promoted the four-course crop rotation system in the mid-1700s, enhancing soil fertility and crop yields.

• Charles Townshend
• Jethro Tull
• Robert Bakewell
• Arthur Young
• Eli Whitney

Introduced selective breeding of livestock in the 18th century, which improved the quality and productivity of animals.

• Robert Bakewell
• Jethro Tull
• Charles Townshend
• Thomas Malthus
• Adam Smith

Invented the flying shuttle in 1733, which increased the speed of weaving and laid the groundwork for mechanized textile production.

• John Kay
• James Hargreaves
• Richard Arkwright
• Samuel Crompton
• Edmund Cartwright

Created the Spinning Jenny in 1764, allowing one worker to spin multiple spools of thread simultaneously.

• James Hargreaves
• John Kay
• Richard Arkwright
• Samuel Crompton
• Edmund Cartwright

Invented the Water Frame in 1769 and established the first modern factory at Cromford.

• Richard Arkwright
• James Hargreaves
• Samuel Crompton
• Edmund Cartwright
• Eli Whitney

Developed the Spinning Mule in 1779, which combined features of the Jenny and Water Frame to produce strong, fine thread.

• Samuel Crompton
• John Kay
• James Hargreaves
• Richard Arkwright
• Edmund Cartwright

Invented the power loom in 1785, automating the weaving process and eventually increasing textile output.

• Edmund Cartwright
• John Kay
• James Hargreaves
• Richard Arkwright
• Samuel Crompton