Ribosomes are responsible for which function and where are they typically found?

Protein synthesis; found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum

Energy production; found in the mitochondria

DNA replication; found in the nucleus

Lipid storage; found in the Golgi apparatus

The two types of endoplasmic reticulum and their functions are:

Rough ER (protein synthesis) and Smooth ER (lipid synthesis)

Rough ER (lipid synthesis) and Smooth ER (protein synthesis)

Rough ER (energy production) and Smooth ER (photosynthesis)

Rough ER (cell division) and Smooth ER (waste removal)

The functions of vesicles include:

Transporting substances within the cell

The functions and structure of the Golgi apparatus are best described as:

Processing and packaging proteins; consists of flattened membrane-bound sacs

Generating energy for the cell; consists of cristae and matrix

Synthesizing DNA; consists of nucleotides and histones

Providing structural support; consists of microtubules and filaments

The functions and structure of mitochondria are best described as:

Mitochondria produce energy for the cell and have a double membrane structure.

Mitochondria store genetic information and have a single membrane.

Mitochondria are responsible for protein synthesis and have no membranes.

Mitochondria detoxify harmful substances and have a triple membrane.

The function of the nucleus is:

To control the activities of the cell

To transport materials within the cell

To protect the cell from its environment

The nucleolus is located in which part of the cell and what is its function?

The nucleolus is located in the nucleus and is responsible for ribosome production.

The nucleolus is located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for energy production.

The nucleolus is located in the cell membrane and is responsible for cell division.

The nucleolus is located in the mitochondria and is responsible for protein synthesis.

Chromatin is best described as:

A complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus

A type of cell membrane structure

A form of RNA present in the cytoplasm

A lipid molecule involved in energy storage

Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid can be distinguished by which of the following characteristics?

Intracellular fluid is found inside cells, while extracellular fluid is found outside cells.

Intracellular fluid is found outside cells, while extracellular fluid is found inside cells.

Both are found only in the bloodstream.

Both are found only in the digestive system.

Which of the following best describes passive transport across a cell membrane?

Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without the use of cellular energy

Molecules move from lower to higher concentration with the help of ATP

Molecules are transported only by active carrier proteins

Molecules move in both directions using energy

Which of the following best explains how substances move across cell membranes by diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion?

They move substances down their concentration gradients, without energy.

They all require ATP to transport substances across membranes.

They only occur when substances move from low to high concentration.

They are processes unique to prokaryotic cells.

Tonicity is defined as:

The relative concentration of solutes in a solution compared to another solution.

The amount of water in a solution.

When a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what is most likely to happen to the cell?

The cell will swell and may burst.

The cell will remain the same size.

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

The movement of gases across the cell membrane

The active transport of ions using ATP

The movement of solutes from high to low concentration through a membrane

A laboratory technician prepares two IV solutions: Solution A: 0.9% NaCl (isotonic saline) Solution B: 10% glucose (dextrose in water) A sample of human red blood cells is placed in Solution B . After several minutes, the cells appear shrunken and crenated under the microscope. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

The 10% glucose solution is hypertonic compared to the cytoplasm, causing water to exit the cells via osmosis.

Glucose diffuses freely into red blood cells, making the intracellular environment hypertonic and drawing water in.

The 10% glucose solution is hypotonic, leading to water influx and eventual cell rupture.

Red blood cells actively expel glucose, creating a concentration gradient that favors water entry.

A cell's cytoplasm contains approximately 5% glucose . It is placed in a solution containing 20% glucose . What will most likely happen to the cell?

Water will exit the cell, causing it to shrink.

Water will enter the cell until equilibrium is reached.

Glucose will move into the cell via osmosis.

There will be no net movement of water.

Identify which types of molecule movements are active processes. Explain what it means to be a(n) active movement.

Active transport involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy, while passive transport does not require energy.

Active transport involves the movement of molecules along their concentration gradient without using energy.

Active transport and passive transport both require energy to move molecules across membranes.

Active transport only occurs in plant cells and not in animal cells.

Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis are defined as:

Stages of the cell cycle including cell growth, division of the nucleus, and division of the cytoplasm.

Types of genetic mutations in a cell.

Phases of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Different types of animal tissues.

The S phase and G1 phase of the cell cycle involve which of the following processes?

DNA replication occurs in S phase; cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis occur in G1 phase.

Cell division occurs in S phase; DNA replication occurs in G1 phase.

Protein synthesis occurs in S phase; cell division occurs in G1 phase.

Cell growth occurs in S phase; DNA replication occurs in G1 phase.

Identify the correct sequence of phases in mitosis from the following options.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Cytokinesis

Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase

Telophase, Anaphase, Prophase, Metaphase

Apoptosis and necrosis are defined as:

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, while necrosis is uncontrolled cell death.

Apoptosis is uncontrolled cell death, while necrosis is programmed cell death.

Both apoptosis and necrosis are forms of uncontrolled cell death.

Apoptosis and necrosis are both forms of cell division.

Metabolism is defined as:

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body

The process of breathing in oxygen

The movement of muscles during exercise

The breakdown of food in the stomach only

Anabolism and catabolism are metabolic processes. Which of the following correctly defines both and provides an example of each?

Anabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones (e.g., protein synthesis), while catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones (e.g., cellular respiration).

Anabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones (e.g., digestion), while catabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones (e.g., photosynthesis).

Anabolism and catabolism both break down molecules for energy (e.g., glycolysis and fermentation).

Anabolism and catabolism both build complex molecules from simpler ones (e.g., DNA replication and protein synthesis).

The function of enzymes is:

to provide structural support to cells

to transport oxygen in the blood

The active site of an enzyme is:

the region where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

the part of the enzyme that is permanently changed during the reaction

the area where inhibitors always bind

the entire surface of the enzyme

ATP stands for which of the following, and what is its function?

Adenosine Triphosphate; it provides energy for cellular processes.

Adenosine Tetraphosphate; it stores genetic information.

Amino Triphosphate; it acts as a structural protein.

Adenosine Diphosphate; it transports oxygen in blood.

The function of DNA is:

to transport oxygen in the blood

A gene is defined as which of the following, and what is a genome?

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein, and a genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism.

A gene is the entire DNA content of a cell, and a genome is a single protein.

A gene is a type of cell, and a genome is a group of genes only found in animals.

A gene is a protein, and a genome is a single gene.

The 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA are:

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Lysine

Know which bases pair together in complementary base pairing.

A pairs with T, and C pairs with G

A pairs with C, and T pairs with G

A pairs with G, and C pairs with T

A pairs with T, and G pairs with C

DNA replication is best described as:

The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself before cell division.

The process by which proteins are synthesized from DNA.

The process by which RNA is converted into DNA.

The process by which cells break down DNA for energy.

The 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA are:

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Thymine

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

Transcription and translation are processes in which genetic information is converted into functional products. Which statement correctly describes what is created during each process?

Transcription creates mRNA, and translation creates a protein.

Transcription creates a protein, and translation creates mRNA.

Transcription creates DNA, and translation creates mRNA.

Transcription creates tRNA, and translation creates DNA.

Tissue and histology are defined as:

Tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific function, and histology is the study of tissues.

Tissue is a type of organ, and histology is the study of organs.

Tissue is a type of cell, and histology is the study of cells.

Tissue is a group of organs, and histology is the study of organ systems.

The 4 major types of tissues are:

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Which of the following best describes the functions and characteristics of epithelial tissues?

They cover body surfaces, line cavities, protect, absorb, secrete, and have closely packed cells with little extracellular material.

They provide support and bind other tissues, with abundant extracellular matrix.

They are responsible for voluntary movements and have striated fibers.

They transmit electrical impulses and support communication between body parts.

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Additional Study Questions for Module 2

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University

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Practice Problem

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NGSS

MS-LS1-2, HS-LS1-4, HS-LS2-3

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Crystal Ivey

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73 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is:

Tissue

Organ

Cell

atom

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Differentiated is defined as:

Made different or specialized

Kept the same

Ignored or neglected

Combined together

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.4

CCSS.RI.9-10.4

CCSS.RL.11-12.4

CCSS.RL.8.4

CCSS.RL.9-10.4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Different cell types differ from one another in which of the following ways?

They have different structures and functions.

They all have the same structure and function.

They are all the same size and shape.

They contain identical genetic material.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The three major parts of every cell are:

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Cell wall, mitochondria, ribosome

Chloroplast, vacuole, lysosome

Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, centriole

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

An organelle is defined as:

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

A type of tissue found in animals.

A molecule that carries genetic information.

A process by which cells divide.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The cell membrane is selectively permeable and is made of which of the following?

It is made of a phospholipid bilayer and controls what enters and leaves the cell.

It is made of cellulose and allows all substances to pass freely.

It is made of proteins only and blocks all molecules.

It is made of DNA and is impermeable to water.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The major classes of biomolecules found in the plasma/cell membrane and their functions include:

Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, which provide structure, transport, and cell recognition.

Nucleic acids, lipids, and vitamins, which provide genetic information and energy.

Proteins, nucleic acids, and minerals, which provide enzymatic activity and bone structure.

Carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, which provide energy storage and signaling.

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