Databases

1. What is a primary function of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

• a) To design hardware components

• b) To define, create, and maintain a database

• c) To manage network protocols

• d) To compile programming languages

2. In a flat-file system, how is data redundancy typically compared to a DBMS?

• a) Lower than in a DBMS

• b) Higher than in a DBMS

• c) About the same as in a DBMS

• d) Completely eliminated

3. Which of the following best describes the three levels of database architecture defined by ANSI/SPARC?

• a) Physical, Logical, Technical

• b) Base, View, Subschema

• c) Internal, Conceptual, External

• d) User, Admin, System

4. Which database model organizes data in a parent-child structure similar to an inverted tree?

• a) Relational model

• b) Network model

• c) Hierarchical model

• d) Document modeL

5. How does the relational model organize data?

• a) In files with pointers

• b) In circular arrays

• c) In two-dimensional tables

• d) In object hierarchies

6. What is each row in a relational table called?

• a) Field
  

• b) Attribute
  

• c) Record

• d) Tuple

7. Which SQL operation is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on related columns?

• a) Select

• b) Join

• c) Union

• d) Insert

8. What does the internal level of a DBMS define?

• a) The logical structure of the database

• b) User views

• c) Physical storage details

• d) Business rules

9. What does ERM stand for in database design?

• a) Extended Relational Mapping

• b) Entity-Relationship Model

• c) Entity-Role Mapping

• d) Effective Relational Method

10. What is the main goal of normalization in database design?

• a) To increase redundancy

• b) To speed up hardware access

• c) To remove anomalies and ensure structured data

• d) To design better user interfaces