Quiz Boys

What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?

• cellulose

• peptidoglycan

• lipopolysaccharides

• chitin

Describe the structure and function of a bacterial ribosome.

• Bacterial ribosomes are found only in the nucleus and are involved in lipid synthesis.

• Bacterial ribosomes consist of a 30S small subunit and a 50S large subunit, functioning to synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

• Bacterial ribosomes consist of a 40S small subunit and a 60S large subunit, which synthesize DNA.

• Bacterial ribosomes are composed of a single subunit that does not translate mRNA.

What are the main differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

• Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and appear purple, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, appearing pink.

• Both types of bacteria have the same peptidoglycan layer thickness.

• Gram-negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and appear purple.

• Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane and appear pink.

Name one mechanism by which bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance.

• Horizontal gene transfer

• Enhanced nutrient absorption

• Increased exposure to sunlight

• Mutation of existing genes

What role do plasmids play in antibiotic resistance?

• Plasmids carry antibiotic resistance genes and facilitate their transfer between bacteria.

• Plasmids help bacteria reproduce more quickly.

• Plasmids are involved in the formation of bacterial cell walls.

• Plasmids are responsible for nutrient absorption in bacteria.

Give an example of a pathogenic bacterium and the disease it causes.

• Staphylococcus aureus causes tuberculosis.

• Salmonella enterica causes malaria.

• Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes foodborne illness.

• Clostridium botulinum causes the common cold.

What is the function of the bacterial capsule?

• The capsule serves as a source of energy.

• The bacterial capsule protects against phagocytosis and aids in adherence.

• The capsule is involved in DNA replication.

• The capsule helps in nutrient absorption.

How do endospores contribute to bacterial survival?

• Endospores enable bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions.

• Endospores help bacteria reproduce more quickly.

• Endospores are used by bacteria to absorb nutrients.

• Endospores allow bacteria to communicate with each other.

What are the different types of bacterial metabolism?

• Cellular respiration

• Nitrogen fixation

• Photosynthesis

• Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation, phototrophy, chemotrophy

Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in bacteria.

• Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces more energy, while anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces less energy.

• Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produce the same amount of energy.

• Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce energy.

• Aerobic respiration occurs only in plants and not in bacteria.