Quiz about MLT 2212 Basic Immunology Exam 1 Review Ch 1-8

Question 1

Phagocytosis is appropriately categorized into which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Specific immunity

Question 2

A patient with a viral infection that has initiated their cell-mediated immunity might have an increased number of which leukocytes in their peripheral blood?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Monocytes

Answer

Basophils

Question 3

Which of the following cells can phagocytize foreign microbes?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

T lymphocytes

Answer

B lymphocytes

Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 4

Which of the following cells is a phagocytic cell that has a similar morphology to nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Mast cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 5

Secondary lymphoid tissues that are located near our joints and serve as a collecting duct for lymph fluid are:

Accepted Answer

MALT.

Answer

spleen cells.

Answer

lymph nodes.

Answer

CALT.

Question 6

Foreign microbes that enter through a cut in our hand should expect defense from which lymphoid tissue?

Accepted Answer

CALT

Answer

Spleen

Answer

MALT

Answer

Thymus

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of immune molecule?

Accepted Answer

antibodies.

Answer

adhesion molecules.

Answer

chemotaxins.

Answer

clusters of differentiation.

Question 8

A patient with antibodies in their serum to a particular virus has activated which immune cells?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Answer

NK cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 9

Which lymphocyte is part of our innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

NK cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

T helper cells

Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 10

Which of the following is an internal defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Keratin coating epithelial cells

Answer

Lactic acid in sweat

Answer

Surfactant in mucosal secretions

Question 11

A pathogen entering the respiratory tract would encounter which external defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Lactic acid

Question 12

Normal flora is best described by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A mix of bacteria that are normally present and do not typically cause disease

Answer

One type of bacteria that is normally present and never causes disease

Answer

A mix of bacteria that are normally present that never cause disease

Answer

One type of bacteria that is normally present and that we constantly are defending against

Question 13

Acute phase reactants act by doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Promoting adherence to pathogens

Answer

Promoting destruction by releasing proteolytic enzymes

Answer

Limiting phagocytosis

Answer

Limiting adherence to pathogens

Question 14

Which of the following occurs during an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Decreased permeability of fluid through the vessels

Answer

Constriction of the blood vessels

Answer

Diapedesis

Answer

Migration of macrophages within 30 mins.

Question 15

Which inflammatory response is responsible for the symptom of swelling?

Accepted Answer

Increased permeability of fluid through vessels

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Diapedesis

Answer

Increased blood flow to area

Question 16

Which of the following phagocytic steps should occur after the others?

Accepted Answer

Formation of phagosome

Answer

Outflowing of cytoplasm

Question 17

An antigenic determinant is also called:

Accepted Answer

an epitope.

Answer

an immunogen.

Answer

an antibody.

Answer

a polysaccharide.

Question 18

Which of the following molecules is the best immunogen?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Polysaccharide

Answer

Nucleic acid

Answer

Lipid

Question 19

Which of the following is a low-molecular-weight molecule that has one binding site for an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Hapten

Answer

Antigen

Answer

Immunogen

Answer

Adjuvant

Question 20

Antigens found in different species that trigger a similar antibody response are called:

Accepted Answer

heterophile antigens.

Answer

haptens.

Answer

alloantigens.

Answer

autoantigens.

Question 21

A macromolecule that is capable of eliciting an immune response in an immunocompetent host is called:

Accepted Answer

an immunogen.

Answer

an antibody.

Answer

a hapten.

Answer

an acute-phase reactant.

Question 22

MHC class I antigens are recognized by which of the following cells?

Accepted Answer

CD8+ T cells

Answer

CD4+ T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 23

Characteristics of heterophile antigens include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Found in unrelated plants or animals but cross-react with the same antibody

Answer

One's own self-antigens

Question 24

NK cell cytotoxicity involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of lysosomal granules

Answer

Release of lysosomal contents

Question 25

MHC class I protein is found on:

Accepted Answer

all nucleated cells.

Answer

red blood cells.

Answer

B cells and macrophages only.

Answer

stem cells only.

Question 26

A cell that can recall previous contact with a particular antigen so that subsequent exposure leads to a more rapid and more effective immune response than the first encounter is which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Memory lymphocyte

Answer

Effector lymphocyte

Answer

Plasma cell

Answer

Stem cell

Question 27

The purpose of negative selection of B cells is to:

Accepted Answer

eliminate B cells that are specific for self-antigens.

Answer

eliminate B cells that don't express mu.

Answer

prevent activation of B cells in the bone marrow.

Answer

direct more B cells to become plasma cells.

Question 28

Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are:

Accepted Answer

B cells.

Answer

eosinophils.

Answer

macrophages.

Answer

neutrophils.

Question 29

The only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different antigenic determinants are:

Accepted Answer

lymphocytes.

Answer

macrophages.

Answer

dendritic cells.

Answer

neutrophils.

Question 30

T lymphocytes undergo antigen-independent maturation in the:

Accepted Answer

thymus.

Answer

bone marrow.

Answer

lymph node.

Answer

spleen.

Question 31

The cells that primarily function by secreting large amounts of cytokines are:

Accepted Answer

T helper cells.

Answer

plasma cells.

Answer

B cells.

Answer

cytotoxic T cells.

Question 32

A plasma cell differs from a B cell in which way?

Accepted Answer

Only plasma cells secrete circulating antibody.

Answer

Plasma cells are only found in peripheral blood.

Answer

Plasma cells secrete cytokines.

Answer

Plasma cells are an immature form in B-cell development.

Question 33

The function of CD4+ T cells is:

Accepted Answer

to help B cells make antibody.

Answer

to kill virally infected cells.

Answer

phagocytosis.

Answer

production of opsonins.

Question 34

Which cells are responsible for killing virally infected host cells and tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

CD8 T cells

Answer

CD4 T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Plasma cells

Question 35

Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule can bind antigen?

Accepted Answer

Fab

Answer

CL

Answer

CH

Answer

Hinge region

Question 36

Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Answer

IgG

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgE

Question 37

Which of the following is characteristic of IgG?

Accepted Answer

Provides immunity for the newborn

Answer

First class of antibody to appear

Answer

Found mainly in secretions

Answer

The least abundant antibody in serum

Question 38

Identify the correct pairing of an immunoglobulin and its property.

Accepted Answer

IgG: most abundant in serum

Answer

IgA: crosses the placenta

Answer

IgM: immunoglobulin produced by a T cell

Answer

IgE: major immunoglobulin of secondary response

Question 39

Which of the following is a characteristic of IgA?

Accepted Answer

It is found in secretions.

Answer

It fixes complement.

Answer

It is a pentamer in serum.

Answer

It is the primary response antibody.

Question 40

Which immunoglobulin is found in only trace amounts in the serum?

Accepted Answer

IgD

Answer

IgM

Answer

IgG

Answer

IgA

Question 41

Which is a characteristic of IgM?

Accepted Answer

It is able to fix complement.

Answer

It can cross the placenta.

Answer

It increases greatly in the secondary response.

Answer

It can bind only two antigens.

Question 42

Identify the true statement about the anamnestic response versus the primary antibody response.

Accepted Answer

The primary response involves predominantly an increase in IgG antibodies, whereas the anamnestic response involves predominantly an increase in IgM antibodies.

Answer

The primary response has a long lag phase; the anamnestic response has a short lag phase.

Answer

The primary response has a short lag phase; the anamnestic response has a long lag phase.

Answer

The primary response involves a rapid increase in antibody titer, whereas the anamnestic response involves a rapid decrease in antibody titer.

Question 43

Which option best describes a monoclonal antibody?

Accepted Answer

All antibodies of any one particular class

Answer

Antibody made against multiple epitopes

Answer

Antibody made by a variety of B cells

Answer

Antibody made from a single antibody-producing cell

Question 44

An Fab fragment consists of:

Accepted Answer

one light chain and one-half of a heavy chain.

Answer

two heavy chains.

Answer

two light chains.

Answer

one light chain and an entire heavy chain.

Question 45

Characteristics of cytokines include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

They are chemical messengers that regulate the immune system.

Answer

They are directly cytotoxic to bacteria.

Answer

They are produced primarily by the liver.

Answer

They are polysaccharides.

Question 46

Many cytokines are produced in response to:

Accepted Answer

infectious stimuli.

Answer

anemia.

Answer

low platelet counts.

Answer

immunodeficiency.

Question 47

IL-2 is produced by one cell, and the same IL-2 stimulates that same cell. This type of cytokine activity is called:

Accepted Answer

autocrine.

Answer

paracrine.

Answer

endocrine.

Answer

pleotropic.

Question 48

Multiple cytokines are activated to cause similar biological effects. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Redundancy

Answer

Pleiotropy

Answer

Synergism

Answer

Antagonism

Question 49

Identify the main action of IL-6.

Accepted Answer

Stimulates synthesis of acute-phase proteins.

Answer

Stimulates red blood cell production.

Answer

Inhibits antigen presentation by macrophages.

Answer

Decreases activation of T and B cells.

Question 50

Type I interferons play a significant role in protection against which type of infection?

Accepted Answer

Viral

Answer

Bacterial

Answer

Fungal

Answer

Parasitic

Question 51

Erythropoietin regulates:

Accepted Answer

bone marrow cell differentiation.

Answer

T-cell function.

Answer

proinflammatory cytokine synthesis.

Answer

the acute-phase response.

Question 52

Which of the following cytokines is produced by Th1 cells and is suppressive for Th2 lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

IFN-gamma

Answer

IL-2

Answer

IL-4

Answer

TGF-beta

Question 53

Which complement component is found in both the classical and alternative pathways?

Accepted Answer

C3

Answer

C1

Answer

C2

Answer

Factor B

Question 54

Which of the following can activate the alternative complement pathway?

Accepted Answer

C3b

Answer

IgG

Answer

Mannose-binding lectin

Answer

C1q

Question 55

Which of the following is the correct order of activation of complement in the lectin activation pathway?

Accepted Answer

MBL, C4, C2, C3

Answer

C1, C4, C2, C3

Answer

C3, factor B, C3

Answer

MBL, C2, C3, C4

Question 56

The lectin pathway is initiated by the presence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Mannose

Answer

Antibody

Answer

C3

Answer

C1qrs

Question 57

The recognition unit in the classical complement pathway consists of:

Accepted Answer

C1qrs.

Answer

C4b2a3b.

Answer

C5b6789.

Answer

factor B.

Question 58

C5b6789 functions in:

Accepted Answer

target cell lysis.

Answer

recognition of antigen.

Answer

chemotaxis.

Answer

complement inhibition.

Question 59

A patient has an abnormal alternative pathway activation pattern. Which complement proteins should be assessed to further investigate the problem?

Accepted Answer

C3

Answer

C1

Answer

C2

Answer

C4

Question 60

A coworker says she has an allergy to latex. As her supervisor, what should you advise her to do?

Accepted Answer

Wear gloves made of an alternative material.

Answer

Wear latex gloves but wash her hands often to stop the allergy.

Answer

Do not wear gloves.

Answer

Wash the latex gloves before using.

Question 61

A laboratory technologist receives blood samples via the pneumatic tube system. One of the tubes breaks in the carrier. To break the chain of infection, what should the laboratory technologist do?

Accepted Answer

Wear gloves before handling the broken sample.

Answer

Open the bag in the tube station without gloves.

Answer

Pour the blood that spilled out into a new tube.

Answer

Send the sample back to the sending station as is.

Question 62

How should you wash your hands after removing gloves?

Accepted Answer

Wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds.

Answer

Rinse only your fingers with water for 20 seconds.

Answer

Wash your hands without soap for 10 seconds.

Answer

Run water over your hands and then apply hand sanitizer.

Question 63

What is the most appropriate laboratory safety wear?

Accepted Answer

Fluid-resistant laboratory gown with wrist cuffs

Answer

Cloth laboratory coat worn unbuttoned

Answer

A patient gown worn tied in the back

Answer

No laboratory coat unless you have to clean up a spill

Question 64

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed standard precautions using the assumption that:

Accepted Answer

all patients are potentially infected or carriers of transmittable organisms, so appropriate precautions need to be followed.

Answer

outpatients are generally healthy enough, so no precautions need to be taken.

Answer

only patients with coughs are potentially infected or carriers of transmittable organisms, so appropriate precautions are recommended only for these patients.

Answer

all hospitalized patients are considered healthy until blood culture results are available; precautions are recommended for those with positive results.

MLT 2212 Basic Immunology Exam 1 Review Ch 1-8

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