Heart Failure and Diabetes Quiz

Which of the following drugs is most specifically considered the emerging "5th Pillar" in heart failure therapy, particularly for patients with worsening HFrEF?

• Ivabradine

• Vericiguat

• Digoxin

• Hydralazine

Which heart failure medication class is most likely to cause an initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) but is associated with long-term renal protection?

• Loop diuretics

• Beta-blockers

• ACE inhibitors

• Digoxin

• Nitrates

Which of the following is a commonly cited barrier to implementing guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in heart failure patients?

• Lack of drug availability

• Patient refusal due to side effects

• High cost of medications

• All of the above

• None of the above

What is the primary goal of the MASTERMIND approach in optimizing diabetes care?

• To promote early insulin initiation in all patients

• To stratify patients based on genetic markers for personalized therapy

• To individualize treatment by identifying subgroups with differential responses to glucose-lowering therapies

• To replace current guidelines with a universal treatment algorithm

• To prioritize cost over efficacy in therapy selection

A 34-year-old male with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (HbA1C 7.2%), obesity (BMI 34 kg/m2), OSA and MASLD is keen to try diabetes remission. He doesn’t have any complications. What will be the most appropriate approach to try in a hospital clinic set up first?

• Advise to reduce food intake and start exercise

• Refer for intensive lifestyle intervention

• Refer for metabolic surgery

• Start dulaglutide

• Start metformin

According to the 2025 ADA Standards of Care, which of the following statements best reflects the role of obesity in diabetes management?

• Obesity is not a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

• Obesity management is only relevant for prediabetes, not established diabetes.

• Targeting obesity can lead to improved glycemic control and potential diabetes remission.

• Weight loss has no impact on the need for glucose-lowering medications.

• Obesity treatment is discouraged due to high relapse rates.