Kursus Antibiotik 2025

What are antimicrobials?

• Agent that boost the immune system

• Agents that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites

• vitamins that prevent infections

• substance that only target bacterial infections

1. When should clinicians consider switching from intravenous (IV) to oral antimicrobial therapy (IVOC)?

• Within the first 24 hours, to minimize hospital stay

• Immediately after starting IV therapy, to reduce drug costs

• Within 48 to 72 hours, to allow evaluation of microbiology results and patient response

• After completing a full 7-day IV course, to ensure infection eradication

Why is Antimicrobial Stewardship important in combating antibiotic resistance?

• It encourages the use of antibiotics for faster treatment of all infections

• It focuses on reducing the use of antibiotics altogether to prevent side effects

• It promotes the use of stronger antibiotics for faster recovery

• It ensure antibiotics are prescribed only when necessary, with the correct dose and duration

Adjusted body weight should be used when calculating loading doses of hydrophilic drugs in obese patients.

• TRUE

• FALSE

 How do we define DDD ?

• Average maintenance dose per day, show suggested prescribed dose

• Average maintenance dose per day per 1000 patient stays (days) ⁠

•  Average maintenance dose per day per 1000 adults admissions

How long is the suggested infusion time for IV Meropenem?

• 2 HOURS

• 3 HOURS

• 4 HOURS

• 3.5 HOURS

Adjustment of IV ceftriaxone from OD to BD dosing is needed if the albumin level is below? 

• 27 g/L

• 27 mg/L

• 25 mg/L

• 25 g/L

Clearance of highly protein-bound antibiotics is decreased in hypoalbuminemia.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Which type of infections are suitable for IV-to-oral antimicrobial switch (IVOC) when clinically appropriate?

•  I, II, and IV only

• I, II, IV, and V only

• II, III, IV, and V only

• All of the above

Which antibiotic has a high resistance rate for E. coli & Klebsiella in 2024? 

• Meropenem

• Ciprofloxacin

• Cefuroxime