A level Paper One and AS Paper Two - Psychopathology

What are the definitions of abnormality according to the specification, including deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately, statistical infrequency, and deviation from ideal mental health?

Which emotional characteristic is felt when thinking about or being in the presence of phobic stimuli?

• Endurance

• Disproportionate response

• Anxiety

• Avoidance

Fear is a further emotional characteristic of phobias and is immediate and severely unpleasant.

• True

• False

What word describes the emotional response to phobic stimuli that is unreasonable and not in proportion to the actual threat?

According to the behavioural approach, how are all behaviours learnt?

• Through genetics

• Through associating stimuli (classical conditioning) and consequences following behaviour (operant conditioning)

• Through observation only

• Through medication

Who developed the two-process model to explain how phobias are learnt?

• Watson and Rayner

• Mowrer (1960)

• Pavlov

• Skinner

In the Little Albert experiment, what was the neutral stimulus (NS)?

• Loud noise

• White rat

• Santa Claus' beard

• Metal bars

Fill in the blank: In the Little Albert experiment, the loud noise was the ________ (UCS).

What is generalisation in the context of the Little Albert experiment?

What is negative reinforcement in the context of the maintenance of phobias through operant conditioning?