TYPES OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION AND HD CONCENTRATES & RE

Icodextrin-based PD solutions are primarily used for?

• Short daytime dwells

• Improving protein absorption

• Long daytime or nighttime dwells to improve ultrafiltration

• Reducing electrolyte loss

A patient with poor nutritional status on PD may benefit from which type of solution?

• Icodextrin

• 2.5% glucose
  

• Amino acid-based PD solution

• Lactate-buffered glucose solution

Which buffer is most commonly used in conventional PD solutions?

• Bicarbonate

• citrate

• acetate

• lactate

Twin-bag systems in PD are designed to:

• Reduce the risk of infection during exchanges

• Increase dialysate volume

• Enhance ultrafiltration

• Deliver antibiotics with each exchange

Which of the following PD solutions is not glucose-based?

• 2.5% glucose

• 1.5% glucose

• 4.25% glucose

• Icodextrin

What is the main osmotic agent in standard PD solutions?

• sodium

• Glucose

• lactate

• bicarbonate

The primary advantage of using bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PD solutions is:

• Reduced peritonitis risk

• Increased ultrafiltration

• Faster solute clearance

• Better biocompatibility and pH balance

Which component is not typically found in standard glucose-based PD solutions?

• Sodium

• Magnesium

• Calcium

• Potassium & phosphate

Hemodialysis concentrates are typically available in which two types?

• Acid and alkaline

• Acid and bicarbonate

• Glucose and saline

• Citrate and potassium

Why are HD concentrates mixed with RO water before use?

• To sterilize the concentrate

• To reduce its temperature

• To achieve the final dialysate composition

• To increase its osmolarity