Year 13 Bio - Periods 61-63

Ultrafiltration takes place in which part of the nephron?

• Loop of Henle

• Distal convoluted tubule

• Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

• Collecting duct

The blood in the glomerular capillaries is separated from the lumen of the Bowman's capsule by how many cell layers?

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

What is the first cell layer encountered by blood flowing from the glomerulus towards Bowman's capsule?

• Podocytes

• Basement membrane

• Capillary endothelium

• Bowman's capsule epithelium

What are the cells that make up the inner lining of Bowman's capsule, which have tiny finger-like projections?

• Endothelial cells

• Podocytes

• Mesangial cells

• Juxtaglomerular cells

What substance is generally not found in the glomerular filtrate in significant amounts, unlike in blood plasma?

• Water

• Glucose

• Plasma proteins

• Urea

What is the approximate rate of blood filtration in a healthy human for all glomeruli in both kidneys?

• 50 cm$^3$ min$^{-1}$

• 75 cm$^3$ min$^{-1}$

• 100 cm$^3$ min$^{-1}$

• 125 cm$^3$ min$^{-1}$

Which factor is primarily responsible for forcing fluid from the blood into the Bowman's capsule?

• Solute concentration gradient

• High hydrostatic blood pressure in the glomerulus

• The presence of large plasma proteins

• The low water potential in the Bowman's capsule

What is a key difference between the afferent and efferent arterioles that helps maintain high glomerular pressure?

• The afferent arteriole is narrower than the efferent arteriole.

• The efferent arteriole is wider than the afferent arteriole.

• The afferent arteriole is shorter than the efferent arteriole.

• They have the same diameter.

Compared to blood plasma, what is the concentration of plasma proteins in the glomerular filtrate?

• Much higher

• The same

• Much lower

• Slightly higher

What is the role of the basement membrane in ultrafiltration?

• It acts as a molecular filter.

• It actively pumps molecules into the capsule.

• It prevents water from passing through.

• It is permeable to large protein molecules.