Chapter 5 (Part 2)

In the Ponzo illusion, why does the top horizontal line appear longer?

• Due to converging background lines creating a depth cue

• Because it is physically longer

• Because of the arrowhead angles

• Due to color contrast

What is the recommended primary source of nutrition for infants in their first year?

• Cow’s milk

• Iron-fortified formula

• Breast milk

• Pureed solid foods

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of breastfeeding for the mother?

• Reduced risk of breast cancer

• Faster postpartum weight loss

• Lower stress response

• Guaranteed prevention of infant allergies

Sleep terrors differ from nightmares in that they occur during:

• REM sleep

• Light sleep

• Deep non-REM sleep

• Just before waking

Which sleep disorder involves episodes of walking during deep sleep, typically in early childhood?

• Insomnia

• Sleepwalking (somnambulism)

• Narcolepsy

• Nightmares

True or False: It is dangerous to awaken a sleepwalker.

• true

• false

Which of the following is a key characteristic of ADHD?

• Excessive focus on tasks

• Developmentally inappropriate inattention and hyperactivity

• Advanced language skills

• Preference for solitary play

Stimulant medications for ADHD primarily affect which neurotransmitters?

• Serotonin and GABA

• Dopamine and noradrenaline

• Acetylcholine and glutamate

• Endorphins and oxytocin

Dyslexia is often associated with difficulty in:

• Understanding mathematical symbols

• Perceiving letter orientations (e.g., confusing "b" and "d")

• Speaking fluently

• Recognizing faces

Newborns show a preference for:

• Male voices

• High-pitched sounds

• Their mother's voice

• Mechanical sounds