Quiz about 202507 BET3273 Unit 2

Question 1

Which of the following processes adds water vapor to the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Precipitation

Answer

Infiltration

Question 2

Transpiration is the release of water vapor from

Accepted Answer

Plants

Answer

Oceans

Answer

Clouds

Answer

Soil

Question 3

Which process in the water cycle is responsible for cloud formation?

Accepted Answer

Condensation

Answer

Precipitation

Answer

Infiltration

Answer

Runoff

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a form of precipitation?

Accepted Answer

Fog

Answer

Rain

Answer

Snow

Answer

Hail

Question 5

The movement of water from the surface into the ground is called

Accepted Answer

Infiltration

Answer

Runoff

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Percolation

Question 6

What term describes water that seeps down through soil and rock to recharge aquifers?

Accepted Answer

Percolation

Answer

Overland flow

Answer

Groundwater flow

Answer

Interception

Question 7

Which of the following is a storage component in the hydrologic cycle?

Accepted Answer

All of these

Answer

River

Answer

Aquifer

Answer

Cloud

Question 8

Which zone lies directly above the water table?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated zone

Answer

Saturated zone

Answer

Capillary fringe

Answer

Aquifer

Question 9

Unsaturated zone

Accepted Answer

Saturated zone

Answer

Unsaturated zone

Answer

Vadose zone

Answer

Aeration zone

Question 10

Water stored in the saturated zone is also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Groundwater

Answer

Runoff

Answer

Surface water

Answer

Evaporated water

Question 11

Which type of aquifer is directly open to the surface and easily recharged by rainfall?

Accepted Answer

Unconfined aquifer

Answer

Confined aquifer

Answer

Artesian aquifer

Answer

Fossil aquifer

Question 12

In a confined aquifer, water is:

Accepted Answer

Trapped between impermeable layers and under pressure

Answer

Exposed to the surface

Answer

Under atmospheric pressure

Answer

Found above the water table

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a recharge process?

Accepted Answer

Rainwater soaking through soil into an aquifer

Answer

Groundwater flowing into rivers

Answer

Water evaporating from soil

Answer

Pumping water from a well

Question 14

Discharge occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Water leaves an aquifer into a river, spring, or well

Answer

Water is added to an aquifer

Answer

Water evaporates from the ocean

Answer

Rainfall infiltrates into the soil

Question 15

Which of the following is a source of discharge from a groundwater system?

Accepted Answer

Spring flow into a stream

Answer

Percolation

Answer

Evapotranspiration

Answer

Aquifer recharge

Question 16

Which of the following is typically included in a conceptual model?

Accepted Answer

Schematic diagrams of water flow and storage

Answer

Detailed equations and software code

Answer

Calibration data and error statistics

Answer

Satellite image overlays

Question 17

Conceptual models are useful for

Accepted Answer

Defining system boundaries and identifying data needs

Answer

Running simulations on supercomputers

Answer

Designing laboratory glassware

Answer

Measuring rainfall in the field

Question 18

A limitation of conceptual models is that they

Accepted Answer

May oversimplify complex systems

Answer

Are too accurate for practical use

Answer

Require high-resolution spatial data

Answer

Are only applicable to coastal environments

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a mathematical model?

Accepted Answer

A set of equations representing physical processes

Answer

A verbal description of system behavior

Answer

A physical scale model in the lab

Answer

A sketch of a river catchment

Question 20

Analytical models in hydrology typically involve

Accepted Answer

Exact solutions to simplified equations

Answer

Physical lab experiments

Answer

Numerical approximations

Answer

Machine learning algorithms

Question 21

Numerical models are mainly used when:

Accepted Answer

Physical processes are too complex for analytical solutions

Answer

The system can be solved with simple equations

Answer

Only observational data is available

Answer

You want to avoid using computers

Question 22

A limitation of analytical models is that they:

Accepted Answer

Can only be applied to very complex and variable systems

Answer

Cannot be solved using mathematical equations

Answer

Are unsuitable for computers

Answer

Often require simplifying assumptions

Question 23

In groundwater studies, the purpose of a numerical model is to

Accepted Answer

Approximate flow and transport in complex systems

Answer

Make general predictions without using data

Answer

Provide exact solutions in simple aquifers

Answer

Only validate physical experiments

Question 24

Which of the following is TRUE about analytical models?

Accepted Answer

They offer exact solutions but only for idealized systems

Answer

They require discretization into elements or grids

Answer

They are typically solved by graphical or empirical methods

Answer

They are suitable for complex, irregular boundaries

Question 25

If the hydraulic gradient increases, what happens to the groundwater flow rate (Q), assuming K and A are constant?

Accepted Answer

It increases

Answer

It decreases

Answer

It stays the same

Answer

It becomes zero

Question 26

What is a key characteristic of a physical model in hydrology?

Accepted Answer

It mimics real-world behavior using scaled physical systems

Answer

It always uses computer simulations

Answer

It only applies to atmospheric processes

Answer

It ignores hydraulic conductivity

Question 27

An analog model is typically used to

Accepted Answer

Represent hydrologic systems using electrical or mechanical systems

Answer

Predict future political decisions

Answer

Replace mathematical models

Answer

Simulate erosion using chemicals

Question 28

Which of the following is a common analog used to simulate groundwater flow?

Accepted Answer

Electrical circuit with resistors

Answer

Glass tube evaporation model

Answer

Infrared thermal imager

Answer

Digital weather station

Question 29

Why might analog models still be useful today despite advances in digital modeling?

Accepted Answer

They provide intuitive, visual understanding of flow processes

Answer

They are obsolete but fun

Answer

They are mandated by most regulations

Answer

They are more accurate than numerical models

Question 30

They are more accurate than numerical models

Accepted Answer

Stream discharge (flow rate) over time

Answer

Water quality over time

Answer

Temperature of groundwater

Answer

Evaporation from a lake

Question 31

Which of the following is typically shown on the X-axis of a hydrograph?

Accepted Answer

Time

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Discharge

Answer

Rainfall intensity

Question 32

The rising limb of a hydrograph indicates

Accepted Answer

Increasing river discharge due to rainfall

Answer

Declining river discharge

Answer

Baseflow contribution

Answer

Evapotranspiration rates

Question 33

Which of these causes a steeper rising limb in a hydrograph?

Accepted Answer

Urbanized areas with impervious surfaces

Answer

Forested catchment

Answer

Gentle rainfall over a long time

Answer

Sandy soils

Question 34

Baseflow is

Accepted Answer

The component of streamflow from groundwater seepage

Answer

Rapid overland runoff

Answer

Evaporated water returning to the stream

Answer

Water from glaciers

Question 35

What is the water table?

Accepted Answer

The upper surface of the saturated zone in an unconfined aquifer

Answer

The pressure surface in a confined aquifer

Answer

The depth where temperature is constant

Answer

The bottom of the aquifer

Question 36

The water table typically follows

Accepted Answer

The upper surface of the saturated zone in an unconfined aquifer

Answer

The pressure surface in a confined aquifer

Answer

The depth where temperature is constant

Answer

The bottom of the aquifer

Question 37

The water table typically follows

Accepted Answer

The topography (land surface)

Answer

Sea level only

Answer

A straight horizontal line

Answer

The piezometric surface

Question 38

In a confined aquifer, the water level in a well rises to the

Accepted Answer

Piezometric surface

Answer

Water table

Answer

Ground surface

Answer

Recharge area

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the piezometric surface?

Accepted Answer

A hypothetical surface to which water will rise in tightly cased wells

Answer

The actual bottom of a confined aquifer

Answer

The surface of an unconfined aquifer

Answer

The baseflow level in rivers

Question 40

What causes the piezometric surface to be higher than the actual aquifer depth?

Accepted Answer

Pressure from overlying confining layers

Answer

High recharge rates in unconfined zones

Answer

Water table fluctuations

Answer

Evapotranspiration

Question 41

Which is true about the difference between the water table and piezometric surface?

Accepted Answer

Piezometric surface represents pressure level; water table is actual water level

Answer

Both occur in unconfined aquifers

Answer

Water table is only used in urban areas

Answer

There is no difference

Question 42

A drop in the water table usually indicates

Accepted Answer

Increased pumping or drought

Answer

Increased groundwater recharge

Answer

Higher confining pressure

Answer

Upward artesian flow

Question 43

What does each line on a water table contour map represent?

Accepted Answer

Equal elevation of the water table

Answer

Water pressure zones

Answer

Equal depth to bedrock

Answer

Areas of same rainfall

Question 44

Water flows in the direction

Accepted Answer

Perpendicular to contour lines, from high to low elevation

Answer

Parallel to the contour lines

Answer

Opposite to the contour values

Answer

From low to high contour values

Question 45

What does a close spacing of contour lines on a water table map indicate?

Accepted Answer

Steep water table gradient

Answer

Flat terrain

Answer

High water quality

Answer

Confined aquifer

Question 46

If the contour lines are widely spaced, the water table is

Accepted Answer

Flat or gently sloping

Answer

Steep

Answer

Under pressure

Answer

Artesian

Question 47

In a contour map, a cone of depression near a well appears as

Accepted Answer

Closed contours with lower values toward the center

Answer

Random circles

Answer

Elongated ellipses

Answer

Sharp spikes

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT typically derived from a water table contour map?

Accepted Answer

Hydraulic conductivity

Answer

Groundwater flow direction

Answer

Recharge and discharge zones

Answer

Gradient of the water table

Question 49

Which of the following factors most directly affects the depth to the water table?

Accepted Answer

Recharge and discharge rates

Answer

Soil temperature

Answer

Local air pressure

Answer

Rock color

Question 50

Shallow depth to water table generally indicates

Accepted Answer

High water availability near the surface

Answer

Dry soil

Answer

Steep slope

Answer

Deep aquifer

Question 51

Which human activity can directly cause an increase in water table depth (i.e., make it deeper)?

Accepted Answer

Over-pumping groundwater

Answer

Afforestation

Answer

River damming

Answer

Flood irrigation

Question 52

What do water table fluctuation maps primarily show?

Accepted Answer

Changes in groundwater levels over time

Answer

Groundwater quality zones

Answer

Variation in land elevation

Answer

Soil fertility

Question 53

A rise in water table shown on a fluctuation map typically indicates

Accepted Answer

Recharge from rainfall or irrigation

Answer

Increased pumping

Answer

Reduced recharge

Answer

Aquifer compaction

Question 54

Which unit is most commonly used in water table fluctuation maps?

Accepted Answer

Meters or feet

Answer

Liters per second

Answer

Milligrams per liter

Answer

Square kilometers

Question 55

Fluctuation maps are especially useful for

Accepted Answer

Managing groundwater sustainably

Answer

Predicting storm surges

Answer

Planning irrigation schedules

Answer

Designing concrete foundations

Question 56

What is the primary time scale used in water table fluctuation maps?

Accepted Answer

Days to seasons

Answer

Milliseconds

Answer

Hours

Answer

Geologic eras

Question 57

What is the main purpose of a groundwater quality map?

Accepted Answer

To display the spatial distribution of chemical parameters in groundwater

Answer

To show rainfall trends

Answer

To identify groundwater ownership

Answer

To predict earthquakes

Question 58

Areas on a groundwater quality map with high total dissolved solids (TDS) indicate:

Accepted Answer

Saline or polluted groundwater

Answer

Clean water

Answer

Fresh recharge zones

Answer

Fast-flowing aquifers

Question 59

The color coding on a groundwater quality map typically represents

Accepted Answer

Concentration levels of specific contaminants

Answer

Well depth

Answer

Land use patterns

Answer

Time of water extraction

Question 60

High nitrate levels in a groundwater quality map may be linked to

Accepted Answer

Agricultural runoff and fertilizers

Answer

Acid rain

Answer

Industrial noise

Answer

High altitude

Question 61

Why are groundwater quality maps important for urban planners and engineers?

Accepted Answer

To identify water resources for safe supply

Answer

To plan where to build skyscrapers

Answer

To calculate cloud movement

Answer

To map population density

Question 62

One of the major environmental impacts of over-abstraction is

Accepted Answer

Land subsidence

Answer

Earthquake generation

Answer

Cloud formation

Answer

Increased rainfall

Question 63

Which sector is the largest contributor to groundwater over-abstraction globally?

Accepted Answer

Agriculture and irrigation

Answer

Domestic use

Answer

Tourism industry

Answer

Industrial cooling

Question 64

Over-abstraction in coastal areas can lead to

Accepted Answer

Seawater intrusion into aquifers

Answer

Increased rainfall

Answer

Freshwater flooding

Answer

Mountain uplift

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