28/07

Which of the following EEG patterns is most likely observed during stage 3 NREM sleep?

• High frequency, low amplitude waves

• Low frequency, high amplitude delta waves

• Irregular alpha waves

• A combination of beta and alpha waves

Teenagers typically experience delayed sleep onset due to:

• decreased screen time before bed

• excessive physical activity during the day
• lack of interest in sleep hygiene
• biological changes in circadian rhythms

Blue light acts as a zeitgeber by

• Decreasing melatonin production

• Increasing melatonin production

• Advancing melatonin secretion

• Delaying melatonin secretion

Which of the following combinations most accurately represents physiological changes during REM sleep?

• Muscle atonia, rapid eye movements, increased heart rate

• Muscle tension, slow eye movements, stable heart rate

• Increased muscle tone, reduced brain activity, reduced heart rate

• Muscle atonia, no eye movement, decreased brain activity

Which of the following best describes the effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on cognitive functioning?

• Impaired memory consolidation but enhanced attention

• Decreased emotional reactivity and increased attention

• Impaired memory consolidation and reduced problem-solving ability

• Increased working memory and reduced decision-making speed

Which of the following best distinguishes between REM and NREM sleep across the lifespan?

• REM increases significantly with age; NREM decreases.

• NREM remains stable; REM decreases in infancy.

• REM decreases with age; NREM stage 3 diminish significantly in older adulthood

• Both REM and NREM increase in older adulthood.

Which of the following best explains why sleep deprivation impairs memory consolidation ability?

• Sleep deprivation disrupts REM sleep, which is essential for memory integration.

• Sleep deprivation disrupts memory consolidation by increasing focus

• Sleep deprivation impairs NREM sleep quality, reducing memory retention.

• Sleep deprivation has no effect on memory processes.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of induced ASC?

• inaccurate time perception via use of drugs

• dreams during REM sleep

• perceptual disorders via use of hypnosis

• lack of self control via intoxication

Which statement is best supported by the EEG data?

• REM sleep and wakefulness have similar wave frequencies but differ in amplitude.

• Stage 3 has the lowest frequency and amplitude of all stages.

• REM sleep and wakefulness have indistinguishable waves

• REM sleep has high amplitude and slow wave activity.

Which pattern explains typical sleep-wake regulation?

• High melatonin and low cortisol induce sleep.

• Low melatonin and high cortisol prepare the brain for sleep onset.

• Melatonin secretion begins again at evening; cortisol peaks in the morning.

• Both melatonin and cortisol peak in the early morning.