Exploring Genetics Concepts

What is the basic unit of heredity in living organisms?

• chromosome

• gene

• nucleus

• DNA

Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

• tRNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• sRNA

In a dihybrid cross, what is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

• 3:1:1:1

• 9:9:1

• 1:1:1:1

• 9:3:3:1

What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?

• To transcribe RNA from DNA templates.

• To unwind the DNA double helix.

• To repair damaged DNA strands.

• The function of DNA polymerase is to synthesize new DNA strands during DNA replication.

In the case of incomplete dominance, what phenotype results from a cross between a red flower and a white flower?

• Purple flower

• White flower

• Red flower

• Pink flower

What is the expected genotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross?

• 1:2:1

• 3:1

• 1:1

• 2:2

In a case study, a couple has a child with a genetic disorder. If both parents are carriers of the recessive allele, what is the probability that their next child will also have the disorder?

• 25%

• 10%

• 50%

• 75%

Who first described the condition later known as Down syndrome?

• Jerome Lejeune

• James Watson

• John Langdon Down

• Gregor Mendel

Which chromosome is involved in Down syndrome?

• Chromosome 20

• Chromosome 18

• Chromosome 21

• Chromosome 15

What term is used to describe the presence of an extra chromosome in Down syndrome?

• Monosomy

• Trisomy

• Tetraploidy

• Duplication